dbcli/pgcli

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A REPL for Postgres

|Build Status| |CodeCov| |PyPI| |netlify|

This is a postgres client that does auto-completion and syntax highlighting.

Home Page: https://pgcli.com

MySQL Equivalent: https://mycli.net

.. image:: screenshots/pgcli.gif .. image:: screenshots/image01.png

Quick Start

If you already know how to install python packages, then you can simply do:

::

$ pip install -U pgcli

or

$ sudo apt-get install pgcli # Only on Debian based Linux (e.g. Ubuntu, Mint, etc)
$ brew install pgcli  # Only on macOS

If you don't know how to install python packages, please check the detailed instructions_.

.. _detailed instructions: https://github.com/dbcli/pgcli#detailed-installation-instructions

Usage

::

$ pgcli [database_name]

or

$ pgcli postgresql://[user[:password]@][netloc][:port][/dbname][?extra=value[&other=other-value]]

Examples:

::

$ pgcli local_database

$ pgcli postgres://amjith:[email protected]:5432/app_db?sslmode=verify-ca&sslrootcert=/myrootcert

For more details:

::

$ pgcli --help

Usage: pgcli [OPTIONS] [DBNAME] [USERNAME]

Options:
  -h, --host TEXT            Host address of the postgres database.
  -p, --port INTEGER         Port number at which the postgres instance is
                             listening.
  -U, --username TEXT        Username to connect to the postgres database.
  -u, --user TEXT            Username to connect to the postgres database.
  -W, --password             Force password prompt.
  -w, --no-password          Never prompt for password.
  --single-connection        Do not use a separate connection for completions.
  -v, --version              Version of pgcli.
  -d, --dbname TEXT          database name to connect to.
  --pgclirc FILE             Location of pgclirc file.
  -D, --dsn TEXT             Use DSN configured into the [alias_dsn] section
                             of pgclirc file.
  --list-dsn                 list of DSN configured into the [alias_dsn]
                             section of pgclirc file.
  --row-limit INTEGER        Set threshold for row limit prompt. Use 0 to
                             disable prompt.
  --less-chatty              Skip intro on startup and goodbye on exit.
  --prompt TEXT              Prompt format (Default: "\u@\h:\d> ").
  --prompt-dsn TEXT          Prompt format for connections using DSN aliases
                             (Default: "\u@\h:\d> ").
  -l, --list                 list available databases, then exit.
  --auto-vertical-output     Automatically switch to vertical output mode if
                             the result is wider than the terminal width.
  --warn [all|moderate|off]  Warn before running a destructive query.
  --help                     Show this message and exit.

pgcli also supports many of the same environment variables_ as psql for login options (e.g. PGHOST, PGPORT, PGUSER, PGPASSWORD, PGDATABASE).

The SSL-related environment variables are also supported, so if you need to connect a postgres database via ssl connection, you can set set environment like this:

::

export PGSSLMODE="verify-full"
export PGSSLCERT="/your-path-to-certs/client.crt"
export PGSSLKEY="/your-path-to-keys/client.key"
export PGSSLROOTCERT="/your-path-to-ca/ca.crt"
pgcli -h localhost -p 5432 -U username postgres

.. _environment variables: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-envars.html

Features

The pgcli is written using prompt_toolkit_.

• Auto-completes as you type for SQL keywords as well as tables and columns in the database.

• Syntax highlighting using Pygments.

• Smart-completion (enabled by default) will suggest context-sensitive completion.

  • SELECT * FROM <tab> will only show table names.
  • SELECT * FROM users WHERE <tab> will only show column names.

• Primitive support for psql back-slash commands.

• Pretty prints tabular data.

.. _prompt_toolkit: https://github.com/jonathanslenders/python-prompt-toolkit .. _tabulate: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/tabulate

Config

A config file is automatically created at ~/.config/pgcli/config at first launch. See the file itself for a description of all available options.

Contributions:

If you're interested in contributing to this project, first of all I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude. I've written a small doc to describe how to get this running in a development setup.

https://github.com/dbcli/pgcli/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.rst

Please feel free to reach out to us if you need help.

• Amjith, pgcli author: [email protected], Twitter: @amjithr <https://twitter.com/amjithr>_
• Irina, pgcli maintainer: [email protected], Twitter: @irinatruong <https://twitter.com/irinatruong>_

Detailed Installation Instructions:

macOS:

The easiest way to install pgcli is using Homebrew.

::

$ brew install pgcli

Done!

Alternatively, you can install pgcli as a python package using a package manager called called pip. You will need postgres installed on your system for this to work.

In depth getting started guide for pip - https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/installation/

::

$ which pip

If it is installed then you can do:

::

$ pip install pgcli

If that fails due to permission issues, you might need to run the command with sudo permissions.

::

$ sudo pip install pgcli

If pip is not installed check if easy_install is available on the system.

::

$ which easy_install

$ sudo easy_install pgcli

Linux:

Many distributions have pgcli packages. Refer to https://repology.org/project/pgcli/versions or your distribution to check the available versions.

Alternatively, you can use tools such as pipx_ or uvx_ to install the latest published package to an isolated virtual environment.

.. _pipx: https://pipx.pypa.io/ .. _uvx: https://docs.astral.sh/uv/guides/tools/

Run:

::

$ pipx install pgcli

to install pgcli with pipx, or run:

::

$ uvx pgcli

to run pgcli by installing on the fly with uvx.

Docker

Pgcli can be run from within Docker. This can be useful to try pgcli without installing it, or any dependencies, system-wide.

To build the image:

::

$ docker build -t pgcli .

To create a container from the image:

::

$ docker run --rm -ti pgcli pgcli <ARGS>

To access postgresql databases listening on localhost, make sure to run the docker in "host net mode". E.g. to access a database called "foo" on the postgresql server running on localhost:5432 (the standard port):

::

$ docker run --rm -ti --net host pgcli pgcli -h localhost foo

To connect to a locally running instance over a unix socket, bind the socket to the docker container:

::

$ docker run --rm -ti -v /var/run/postgres:/var/run/postgres pgcli pgcli foo

IPython

Pgcli can be run from within IPython <https://ipython.org>_ console. When working on a query, it may be useful to drop into a pgcli session without leaving the IPython console, iterate on a query, then quit pgcli to find the query results in your IPython workspace.

Assuming you have IPython installed:

::

$ pip install ipython-sql

After that, run ipython and load the pgcli.magic extension:

::

$ ipython

In [1]: %load_ext pgcli.magic

Connect to a database and construct a query:

::

In [2]: %pgcli postgres://someone@localhost:5432/world
Connected: someone@world
someone@localhost:world> select * from city c where countrycode = 'USA' and population > 1000000;
+------+--------------+---------------+--------------+--------------+
| id   | name         | countrycode   | district     | population   |
|------+--------------+---------------+--------------+--------------|
| 3793 | New York     | USA           | New York     | 8008278      |
| 3794 | Los Angeles  | USA           | California   | 3694820      |
| 3795 | Chicago      | USA           | Illinois     | 2896016      |
| 3796 | Houston      | USA           | Texas        | 1953631      |
| 3797 | Philadelphia | USA           | Pennsylvania | 1517550      |
| 3798 | Phoenix      | USA           | Arizona      | 1321045      |
| 3799 | San Diego    | USA           | California   | 1223400      |
| 3800 | Dallas       | USA           | Texas        | 1188580      |
| 3801 | San Antonio  | USA           | Texas        | 1144646      |
+------+--------------+---------------+--------------+--------------+
SELECT 9
Time: 0.003s

Exit out of pgcli session with Ctrl + D and find the query results:

::

someone@localhost:world>
Goodbye!
9 rows affected.
Out[2]:
[(3793, u'New York', u'USA', u'New York', 8008278),
 (3794, u'Los Angeles', u'USA', u'California', 3694820),
 (3795, u'Chicago', u'USA', u'Illinois', 2896016),
 (3796, u'Houston', u'USA', u'Texas', 1953631),
 (3797, u'Philadelphia', u'USA', u'Pennsylvania', 1517550),
 (3798, u'Phoenix', u'USA', u'Arizona', 1321045),
 (3799, u'San Diego', u'USA', u'California', 1223400),
 (3800, u'Dallas', u'USA', u'Texas', 1188580),
 (3801, u'San Antonio', u'USA', u'Texas', 1144646)]

The results are available in special local variable _, and can be assigned to a variable of your choice:

::

In [3]: my_result = _

Pgcli dropped support for:

• Python<3.8 as of 4.0.0.
• Python<3.9 as of 4.2.0.
• Python<10 as of 4.5.0.

Thanks:

A special thanks to Jonathan Slenders <https://twitter.com/jonathan_s>_ for creating Python Prompt Toolkit <https://github.com/jonathanslenders/python-prompt-toolkit>_, which is quite literally the backbone library, that made this app possible. Jonathan has also provided valuable feedback and support during the development of this app.

Click <https://click.palletsprojects.com/>_ is used for command line option parsing and printing error messages.

Thanks to psycopg <https://www.psycopg.org/>_ for providing a rock solid interface to Postgres database.

Thanks to all the beta testers and contributors for your time and patience. :)

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