Asabeneh/Python-for-Everyone

python --version

python

 # comment starts with hash
 # this is a python comment, because it starts with a (#) symbol

    # This is the first comment
    # This is the second comment
    # Python is eating the world

"""This is multiline comment
multiline comment takes multiple lines.
python is eating the world
"""

'Asabeneh'
'Finland'
'Python'
'I love teaching'
'I hope you are enjoying Python for Everyone'

    True  #  Is the light on? If it is on, then the value is True
    False # Is the light on? If it is off, then the value is False

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]  # all are the same data types - a list of numbers
['Banana', 'Orange', 'Mango', 'Avocado'] # all the same data types - a list of strings (fruits!)
['Finland','Estonia', 'Sweden','Norway'] # all the same data types - a list of strings (countries!)
['Banana', 10, False, 9.81] # different data types in the list - string, integer, boolean and float

{'name':'Asabeneh', 'country':'Finland', age:250, 'is_married':True}

('Asabeneh', 'Brook', 'Abraham', 'Lidiya')

{3.14, 9.81, 2.7} # order is not important in set

# Day 1 - 30DaysOfPython Challenge

print(2 + 3)             # addition(+)
print(3 - 1)             # subtraction(-)
print(2 * 3)             # multiplication(*)
print(3 / 2)             # division(/)
print(3 ** 2)            # exponential(**)
print(3 % 2)             # modulus(%)
print(3 // 2)            # Floor division operator(//)

# Checking data types
print(type(10))          # Int
print(type(3.14))        # Float
print(type(1 + 3j))      # Complex number
print(type('Asabeneh'))  # String
print(type([1, 2, 3]))   # List
print(type({'name':'Asabeneh'})) # Dictionary
print(type({9.8, 3.14, 2.7}))    # Set
print(type((9.8, 3.14, 2.7)))    # Tuple

# This is a single line comment

# Printing in Python
print('Hello, World!')
print('Hello,', "World", "!")
print("Welcome to Python!")
print('Learn python in', 2019)
print('Welcome to Python for Everyone')
print('Welcome','to', 'Python','for','Everyone')

Hello, World!
Hello, World !
Welcome to Python!
Learn python in 2019
Welcome to Python for Everyone
Welcome to Python for Everyone

    firstname
    lastname
    age
    country
    city
    first_name
    last_name
    capital_city
    _if # if we want to use reservered word as a variable
    first_name
    year_2019
    year2019
    current_year_2019
    num1
    num2

# Variables in Python

first_name = "Asabeneh"
last_name = "Yetayeh"
country = "Helsinki"
age = 250
is_married = True
# Printing the values stored in the variables
print('First name:', first_name)
print('Last name: ', last_name)
print('Country: ', country)
print('Age: ', age)
print('Married: ', is_married)

First name: Asabeneh
Last name:  Yetayeh
Country:  Helsinki
Age:  250
Married:  True

first_name, last_name, country, age, is_married = 'Asabeneh', 'Yetayeh', 'Helsink', 250, True
print(first_name, last_name, country, age, is_married)
print('First name:', first_name)
print('Last name: ', last_name)
print('Country: ', country)
print('Age: ', age)
print('Married: ', is_married)

Asabeneh Yetayeh Helsink 250 True
First name: Asabeneh
Last name:  Yetayeh
Country:  Helsink
Age:  250
Married:  True

name = input('What is your name ?')
age = int(input('How old are you ?'))

if age < 18:
    print(name,' you are under age')
else:
    print(name, ', you are old enough')

What is your name ?Asabeneh
How old are you ?100
Asabeneh , you are old enough

# Different python data types
# Let's declare different data tyeps

first_name = 'Asabeneh' # String
last_name = 'Yetayeh' # String
country = 'Finland' # String
city= 'Helsinki'
age = 250 # Number, it is not my real age, don't worry about it

print(type('Asabeneh'))
print(type(first_name))
print(type(10))
print(type(3.14))
print(type(1 + 1j))
print(type(True))
print(type([1, 2,3,4]))
print(type({"name":"Asabeneh","age":250, "is_married":250}))
print(type((1,2)))
print(type(zip([1,2],[3,4])))

<class 'str'>
<class 'str'>
<class 'int'>
<class 'float'>
<class 'complex'>
<class 'bool'>
<class 'list'>
<class 'dict'>
<class 'tuple'>
<class 'zip'>

# Arthimetic Operations in Python
# Integers

print('Additon: ', 1 + 2)
print('Substraction: ', 2 - 1)
print('Multiplication: ', 2 * 3)
print ('Division: ', 4 / 2) # Division in python gives floating number
print('Division: ', 6 / 2)
print('Division: ', 7 / 2)
print('Division without the remainder: ', 7 // 2) # gives without the floating number or without the remaining
print('Modulous: ', 3 % 2)
print ('Division without the remainder: ',7 // 3)
print('Exponentation: ', 3 ** 2)
# Floating numbers
print('Floating Number', 3.14)
# Complex numbers
print('Complex number: ', 1+1j)
print('Multiplying complext number: ',(1+1j) * (1-1j))


print('== Additon, Subtraction, Multipliation, Division, Modules ==')

num_one = 3
num_two = 4

total = num_one + num_two
diff = num_two - num_one
product = num_one * num_two
div = num_two / num_two
remainder = num_two % num_one


print('sum: ', total)
print('difference: ', diff)
print('product: ', product)
print('division: ', div)
print('remainder: ', remainder)

mass = 75
gravity = 9.81
# Calcualte the wieght of the object on planet earth
weight = mass * gravity

print(weight, 'N')

Additon:  3
Substraction:  1
Multiplication:  6
Division:  2.0
Division:  3.0
Division:  3.5
Division without the remainder:  3
Modulous:  1
Division without the remainder:  2
Exponentation:  9
Floating Number 3.14
Complex number:  (1+1j)
Multiplying complext number:  (2+0j)
== Additon, Subtraction, Multipliation, Division, Modules ==
sum:  7
difference:  1
product:  12
division:  1.0
remainder:  1
735.75 N

# Assigning variables to string value

first_name = "Asabeneh"
space = ' ' # an empty space string
last_name = "Yetayeh"
country = "Helsinki"
full_name = ' Asabeneh Yetayeh'

print(first_name)
print(len(first_name))
print(last_name)
print(len(last_name))
print(country)
print(space)  # You don't see the printed empty space
print(full_name) # there is indent because of the trailing space in the full name is string

Asabeneh
8
Yetayeh
7
Helsinki

 Asabeneh Yetayeh

# String concatination
first_name = "Asabeneh"
space = ' ' # an empty space string
last_name = "Yetayeh"
country = "Finland"
city = 'Helsinki'
full_name = first_name  + space + last_name
git_repo= 'Python ' + ' for ' + ' Everyone'
person_info = 'I am ' + full_name + '. I live in ' + country + ', '+ city + '.'
print('Full name: ', full_name)
print('Person Information:', person_info)
print('Git repository: ', git_repo)

Full name:  Asabeneh Yetayeh
Person Information: I am Asabeneh Yetayeh. I live in Finland, Helsinki.
Git repository:  Python  for  Everyone

firstName = 'Asabeneh'
lastName = 'Yetayeh'
space = ' '
full_Name = first_name + space + last_name;

# Changing string to lower case
print('=== change to lower case ===')
print(first_name.lower())
print(last_name.lower())
print(full_Name.lower())

# Changing string to upper case
print('=== change to upper case ===')
print(first_name.upper())
print(lastName.upper())
print(full_Name.upper())


# Changing string to capitalize
print('=== change to capitalize ===')
print(first_name.capitalize())
print(lastName.capitalize())
print(full_Name.capitalize())

# Changing string to capitalize

print('=== change to title ===')
title = 'python for everyone'
sub_title = 'learning programming using python'
lang = 'python'
level = 'both begineer and advanced learners'
print(title.title())
print(sub_title.title())
print(lang.title())
print(level.title())

# Changing string to swapcase()
print('=== swapping cases ===')

first_name = 'ASABEEH'
last_name = 'yetayeh'
space = ' '
full_name = first_name + space + last_name;

print(first_name.swapcase())
print(last_name.swapcase())
print(full_name.swapcase())

=== change to lower case ===
asabeneh
yetayeh
asabeneh yetayeh
=== change to upper case ===
ASABENEH
YETAYEH
ASABENEH YETAYEH
=== change to capitalize ===
Asabeneh
Yetayeh
Asabeneh yetayeh
=== change to title ===
Python For Everyone
Learning Programming Using Python
Python
Both Begineer And Advanced Learners
=== swapping cases ===
asabeeh
YETAYEH
asabeeh YETAYEH

# Spliting a stirng to list
first_name = 'Asabeneh'
last_name = 'Yetayeh'
full_name = 'Asabeneh Yetayeh'

programming_lang = 'python, R, matlab, and Java'


# Changing a string to list
print(first_name.split())
print(list(first_name))
print(full_name.split(' '))
print(programming_lang.split(','))


# To check the length of string
print(len(first_name))

# To check the data type of the string
print(type(first_name))

['Asabeneh']
['A', 's', 'a', 'b', 'e', 'n', 'e', 'h']
['Asabeneh', 'Yetayeh']
['python', ' R', ' matlab', ' and Java']
8
<class 'str'>

num_str = '10'
print(num_str)
print(type(num_str))

num_int = int(num)
print(num_int)
print(type(num_int))

num_float = float(num_str)
print(num_float)

e = 2.71

10
<class 'str'>
10
<class 'int'>
10.0

# Comparing something give either a True or False
print('True == True: ', True == True)
print('True == False: ', True == False)
print('False == False:', False == False)
print('True and True: ', True and True)
print('True or False:', True or False)
print('a in an:', 'a' in 'an')
print('4 is 2 ** 2:', 4 is 2 **2)

print(3 > 2)
print(3 >= 2)
print(3 != 2)
print(3 < 2)
print(3 <= 2)
print(3==2)
print(3!='3')
print(3==3)

True == True:  True
True == False:  False
False == False: True
True and True:  True
True or False: True
a in an: True
4 is 2 ** 2: True
True
True
True
False
False
False
True
True

num = 10
if num > 5:
    print('Number is greater than 5')
# The is conditon does't get exected so we need else
if num < 5:
    print('Number is less than 5')

if num < 5:
    print('Number is less than 5')
else:
    print('Number is greater than 5')

num = 5
if num < 5:
    print('Number is less than 5')
elif num == 5:
    print('Number is 5')
else:
    print('Number is greater than 5')

Number is greater than 5
Number is greater than 5
Number is 5

print('=== Whole Numbers===')
for x in range(11):
    print(x)

print('=== Even Numbers===')
# the range(initial, stop, step)
for n in range(0, 11, 2):
    print(n)

print('=== Odd Numbers===')
# the range(initial, stop, step)
for n in range(1, 11, 2):
    print(n)

=== Whole Numbers===
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
=== Even Numbers===
0
2
4
6
8
10
=== Odd Numbers===
1
3
5
7
9

for x in range(10):
    if (x is 1):
        continue
    if (x > 5):
        break
    print(x)

0
2
3
4
5

x = 0
while (x < 10):
    print(x)
    x += 1

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

    # # # # # # # #
    # # # # # # # #
    # # # # # # # #
    # # # # # # # #
    # # # # # # # #
    # # # # # # # #
    # # # # # # # #
    # # # # # # # #

# Creating lists
lst = [] # empty list
print(list)
lst = list() # empty list
print(lst)
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] # creating list 1 to 6
print(numbers)
one_to_hunderd = list(range(11)) # creating list 1 to 10
even_numbers = list(range(0,51, 2)) # Create even number lists 0 to 50
print(one_to_hunderd)
print(even_numbers)

names = ['Asabeneh','Brook','Sami','David']
print(names)
it_companies = ['Google','Facebook','Nokia','Apple','Oracle','Amazon','IBM']
print(it_companies)
constants = [3.14, 9.81, 98.6, 100]
print(constants)

<class 'list'>
[]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50]
['Asabeneh', 'Brook', 'Sami', 'David']
['Google', 'Facebook', 'Nokia', 'Apple', 'Oracle', 'Amazon', 'IBM']
[3.14, 9.81, 98.6, 100]

for number in numbers:
    print(number)
    if (number % 2 == 0):
        print("is even")
    else:
        print("is odd")

print ("All done.")

1
is odd
2
is even
3
is odd
4
is even
5
is odd
6
is even
All done.

# First lets create a list
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
print(len(x)) # to check the length of the list

6

x.append(8)
x.append(9)
x

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9]

x.insert(6,7) # the missing value in the list which is 7 is inserted
x

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

x.extend([9,10])
x

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9, 10]

x[:3]

[1, 2, 3]

x[3:]

[4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9, 10]

x[-2:]

[9, 10]

a = [1, 2,3]
b = [4, 5,6]
c = a + b
print(c)

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

x = [1, 2,3]
y = [4, 5,6];
z = [x, y]
print(z)

[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]

print(x[0])
print(z[0])
print(z[0][0])
print(z[1])
print(z[1][0])

1
[1, 2, 3]
1
[4, 5, 6]
4

z = [3, 2, 1]
z.sort()
z

[1, 2, 3]

z.sort(reverse=True)
z

[3, 2, 1]

nums_one = [3,1,4,2,5]
nums_sort =nums_one.sort() # mutate the original list and return None
print(nums_one)
print(nums_sort) # return None
nums_two = [3,1,4,2,5]
nums_sorted = sorted(nums_two) # Do not mutate the original list
print(nums_two)
print(nums_sorted)

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
None
[3, 1, 4, 2, 5]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

even_nums = [2,4,6,8,10]
for i, n in enumerate(even_nums):
    print('index:',i, n)

index: 0 2
index: 1 4
index: 2 6
index: 3 8
index: 4 10

for i, n in enumerate(range (10)):
    print('index:',i, n)

index: 0 0
index: 1 1
index: 2 2
index: 3 3
index: 4 4
index: 5 5
index: 6 6
index: 7 7
index: 8 8
index: 9 9

(name, age) = ['Asabeneh', 250]

print(name, age)

Asabeneh 250

[i  for i in range (11)] # list of whole numbers

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

[i * i for i in range (11)] # List of squares

[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]

even_nums = [i for i in range(51) if i % 2 == 0] # List of even numbers
print(even_nums)

[0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50]

odds = [i for i in range(51) if i % 2 != 0] # List of odd numbers
print(odds)

[1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49]

numbers = [1, 2, 3,4,5]
[n * n for n in numbers]  # maping using list comprehension

[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

names = ['Asabeneh','Brook','David','Martha']
[name.upper () for name in names] # Mapping using list comprehension

['ASABENEH', 'BROOK', 'DAVID', 'MARTHA']

numbers = [-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 2, 4, 6]
[n for n in numbers if n > 0] # Filtering using list comprehension

[2, 4, 6]

#Tuples are just immutable lists. Use () instead of []
tp = tuple()
print(type (tp))
tp = ()
print(type(tp))
nums = (1, 2, 3)
print(nums)
len(nums)

<class 'tuple'>
<class 'tuple'>
(1, 2, 3)





3

for n in nums:
    print(n)

1
2
3

x = (1, 2, 3)
y = (4, 5, 6)
print(x[0])
y[0]

1





4

list_of_tuples = [x, y]
list_of_tuples

[(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6)]

(age, income) = "32,120000".split(',')
print(age)
print(income)

32
120000

numbers = [1, 2, 3,4,5]
[(n,n * n) for n in numbers]  # maping using list comprehension

[(1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9), (4, 16), (5, 25)]

names = ['Asabeneh','Brook','David','Martha']
[(name.upper (), len(name)) for name in names] # Mapping using list comprehension

[('ASABENEH', 8), ('BROOK', 5), ('DAVID', 5), ('MARTHA', 6)]

# Creating empty dictionary

dic = dict()
dic = {}

# Another more dictionary
person = {
    'name':'Asabenh',
    'age':250,
    'country':'Finland',
    'city':'Helsinki',
    'job':'instructor and developer',
    'skills':['HTML','CSS','JavaScript','Python','Node'],
    'is_married':True
}
print(person)
print(len(person))

{'name': 'Asabenh', 'age': 250, 'country': 'Finland', 'city': 'Helsinki', 'job': 'instructor and developer', 'skills': ['HTML', 'CSS', 'JavaScript', 'Python', 'Node'], 'is_married': True}
7

print(person)

{'name': 'Asabenh', 'age': 250, 'country': 'Finland', 'city': 'Helsinki', 'job': 'instructor and developer', 'skills': ['HTML', 'CSS', 'JavaScript', 'Python', 'Node'], 'is_married': True}

print(person["name"])

Asabenh

print(person["age"])

250

print(person.get("is_married"))

True

for key in person:
        print(key + ": " + str(person[key]))

name: Asabenh
age: 250
country: Finland
city: Helsinki
job: instructor and developer
skills: ['HTML', 'CSS', 'JavaScript', 'Python', 'Node']
is_married: True

keys = person.keys()
values = person.values()
items = person.items()

print(keys)
print(values)
print(items)

dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'country', 'city', 'job', 'skills', 'is_married'])
dict_values(['Asabenh', 250, 'Finland', 'Helsinki', 'instructor and developer', ['HTML', 'CSS', 'JavaScript', 'Python', 'Node'], True])
dict_items([('name', 'Asabenh'), ('age', 250), ('country', 'Finland'), ('city', 'Helsinki'), ('job', 'instructor and developer'), ('skills', ['HTML', 'CSS', 'JavaScript', 'Python', 'Node']), ('is_married', True)])

for k, v in items:
    print(k,':', v)

name : Asabenh
age : 250
country : Finland
city : Helsinki
job : instructor and developer
skills : ['HTML', 'CSS', 'JavaScript', 'Python', 'Node']
is_married : True

numbers = [1, 2, 3,4,5]
[{n:n * n} for n in numbers]  # maping using list comprehension

[{1: 1}, {2: 4}, {3: 9}, {4: 16}, {5: 25}]

names = ['Asabeneh','Brook','David','Martha']
[{name:len(name)} for name in names] # Mapping using list comprehension

[{'Asabeneh': 8}, {'Brook': 5}, {'David': 5}, {'Martha': 6}]

one, two, three = (1, 2,3)
print(one)
print(two)
print(three)

first_name, last_name, country = ('Asabeneh','Yetayeh','Finland')
print(first_name)
print(last_name)
print(country)

1
2
3
Asabeneh
Yetayeh
Finland

# First Example about unpacking list
names = ['Asabeneh','Eyob','David','Lidiya', 'Woyneshet','Yetayeh']
first_person, second_person, *rest = names
print(first_person)
print(second_person)
print(rest)

# Second Example about unpacking list
first, second, third,*rest, tenth = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
print(first)
print(second)
print(third)
print(rest)
print(tenth)

# Third Example about unpacking list
countries = ['Germany', 'France','Belgium','Sweden','Denmark','Finland','Norway','Iceland','Estonia']
gr, fr, bg, sw, *scandic, es = countries
print(gr)
print(fr)
print(bg)
print(sw)
print(scandic)
print(es)

Asabeneh
Eyob
['David', 'Lidiya', 'Woyneshet', 'Yetayeh']
1
2
3
[4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
10
Germany
France
Belgium
Sweden
['Denmark', 'Finland', 'Norway', 'Iceland']
Estonia

s = set()
s.add(1) # adding value to a set
s.add(2)
s.add(3)
s.add(4)
s.add(5)
print(s)
print(len(s))

nums = [1, 2,2,3,4,5,4,6,7,6]
numbers = set(nums)
print(numbers)
print(len(numbers))
for n in numbers:
    print(n)

{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
5
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

def generate_full_name ():
    first_name = 'Asabeneh'
    last_name = 'Yetayeh'
    space = ' '
    full_name = first_name + space + last_name
    print(full_name)

generate_full_name () # calling a function

def add_two_numbers ():
    num_one = 2
    num_two = 3
    total = num_one + num_two
    print(total)
add_two_numbers() # call the functionK

# Function can also return values, if a function doen't return values the value of the function is None
# Lets rewrite the above functions using return
# From now on, we return value to a function instead of priting it

def generate_full_name ():
    first_name = 'Asabeneh'
    last_name = 'Yetayeh'
    space = ' '
    full_name = first_name + space + last_name
    return full_name
print(generate_full_name())

def add_two_numbers ():
    num_one = 2
    num_two = 3
    total = num_one + num_two
    return total
print(add_two_numbers())

Asabeneh Yetayeh
5
Asabeneh Yetayeh
5

def greetings (name):
    message = name + ', welcome to Python for Everyone!'
    return message

print(greetings('Asabeneh'))

def add_ten(num):
    ten = 10
    return num + ten

print(add_ten(90))


def square_number(x):
    return x * x

print(square_number(2))

def area_of_circle (r):
    PI = 3.14
    area = PI * r ** 2
    return area

print(area_of_circle(10))

Asabeneh, welcome to Python for Everyone!
100
4
314.0

def generate_full_name (first_name, last_name):
    space = ' '
    full_name = first_name + space + last_name
    return full_name
print('Full Name: ', generate_full_name('Asabeneh','Yetayeh'))

def sum_two_numbers (num_one, num_two):
    sum = num_one + num_two
    return sum
print('Sum of two numbers: ', sum_two_numbers(1, 9))

def calculate_age (current_year, birth_year):
    age = current_year - birth_year
    return age;

print('Age: ', calculate_age(2019, 1819))

def weight_of_object (mass, gravity):
    weight = str(mass * gravity)+ ' N' # the value has to be changed to string first
    return weight
print('Weight of an object in Newton: ', weight_of_object(100, 9.81))

Full Name:  Asabeneh Yetayeh
Sum of two numbers:  10
Age:  200
Weight of an object in Newton:  981.0 N

def sum_of_numbers(*args):
    s = 0;
    for i in args:
        s = s + i
    return s
print(sum_of_numbers(1,2,3))
print(sum_of_numbers(1,2,3, 4,5,6,7,8,9,10))

6
55

def greetings (name = 'Anonymous'):
    message = name + ', welcome to Python for Everyone!'
    return message

print(greetings())
print(greetings('Asabeneh'))

def generate_full_name (first_name = 'Asabeneh', last_name = 'Yetayeh'):
    space = ' '
    full_name = first_name + space + last_name
    return full_name



print(generate_full_name())
print(generate_full_name('David','Smith'))

def calculate_age (birth_year,current_year = 2019):
    age = current_year - birth_year
    return age;
print('Age: ', calculate_age(1819))


def weight_of_object (mass, gravity = 9.81):
    weight = str(mass * gravity)+ ' N' # the value has to be changed to string first
    return weight
print('Weight of an object in Newton: ', weight_of_object(100)) # 9.81 gravity at the surface of Earth
print('Weight of an object in Newton: ', weight_of_object(100, 1.62)) # gravit at surface of Moon

Anonymous, welcome to Python for Everyone!
Asabeneh, welcome to Python for Everyone!
Asabeneh Yetayeh
David Smith
Age:  200
Weight of an object in Newton:  981.0 N
Weight of an object in Newton:  162.0 N

def generate_groups (team,*args):
    print(team)
    for i in args:
        print(i)
generate_groups('Team-1','Asabeneh','Brook','David','Eyob')

Team-1
Asabeneh
Brook
David
Eyob

#You can pass functions around as parameters
def square_number (n):
    return n * n
def do_something(f, x):
    return f(x)

print(do_something(square_number, 3))

9

#Lambda functions let you inline simple functions
print(do_something(lambda x: x * x * x, 3))

27

Last login: Tue Dec 10 09:35:28 on console
asabeneh@Asabeneh:~$ pyhton
-bash: pyhton: command not found
asabeneh@Asabeneh:~$ python
Python 3.7.5 (default, Nov  1 2019, 02:16:32)
[Clang 11.0.0 (clang-1100.0.33.8)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> num = 10
>>> type(num)
<class 'int'>
>>> string = 'string'
>>> type(string)
<class 'str'>
>>> boolean = True
>>> type(boolean)
<class 'bool'>
>>> lst = []
>>> type(lst)
<class 'list'>
>>> tpl = ()
>>> type(tpl)
<class 'tuple'>
>>> set1 = set()
>>> type(set1)
<class 'set'>
>>> dct = {}
>>> type(dct)
<class 'dict'>

# syntax
class ClassName:
  code goes here

class Person:
  pass

<__main__.Person object at 0x10804e510>

p = Person()
print(p)

class Person:
      def __init__ (self, name):
          self.name =name

p = Person('Asabeneh')
print(p.name)
print(p)

# output
Asabeneh

class Person:
      def __init__(self, firstname, lastname, age, country, city):
          self.firstname = firstname
          self.lastname = lastname
          self.age = age
          self.country = country
          self.city = city


p = Person('Asabeneh', 'Yetayeh', 250, 'Finland', 'Helsinki')
print(p.firstname)
print(p.lastname)
print(p.age)
print(p.country)
print(p.city)

# output
Asabeneh
Yetayeh
250
Finland
Helsinki

class Person:
      def __init__(self, firstname, lastname, age, country, city):
          self.firstname = firstname
          self.lastname = lastname
          self.age = age
          self.country = country
          self.city = city

      def person_info(self):
        return f'{self.firstname} {self.lastname} is {self.age} year old. He lives in {self.city}, {self.country}'


p = Person('Asabeneh', 'Yetayeh', 250, 'Finland', 'Helsinki')
print(p.person_info())

# output
Asabeneh Yetayeh is 250 year old. He lives in Helsinki, Finland

class Person:
      def __init__(self, firstname='Asabeneh', lastname='Yetayeh', age=250, country='Finland', city='Helsinki'):
          self.firstname = firstname
          self.lastname = lastname
          self.age = age
          self.country = country
          self.city = city

      def person_info(self):
        return f'{self.firstname} {self.lastname} is {self.age} year old. He lives in {self.city}, {self.country}.'

p1 = Person()
print(p1.person_info())
p2 = Person('John', 'Doe', 30, 'Nomanland', 'Noman city')
print(p2.person_info())

# output
Asabeneh Yetayeh is 250 year old. He lives in Helsinki, Finland.
John Doe is 30 year old. He lives in Noman city, Nomanland.

class Person:
      def __init__(self, firstname='Asabeneh', lastname='Yetayeh', age=250, country='Finland', city='Helsinki'):
          self.firstname = firstname
          self.lastname = lastname
          self.age = age
          self.country = country
          self.city = city
          self.skills = []

      def person_info(self):
        return f'{self.firstname} {self.lastname} is {self.age} year old. He lives in {self.city}, {self.country}.'
      def add_skill(self, skill):
          self.skills.append(skill)

p1 = Person()
print(p1.person_info())
p1.add_skill('HTML')
p1.add_skill('CSS')
p1.add_skill('JavaScript')
p2 = Person('John', 'Doe', 30, 'Nomanland', 'Noman city')
print(p2.person_info())
print(p1.skills)
print(p2.skills)

# output
Asabeneh Yetayeh is 250 year old. He lives in Helsinki, Finland.
John Doe is 30 year old. He lives in Noman city, Nomanland.
['HTML', 'CSS', 'JavaScript']
[]

class Student(Person):
    pass


s1 = Student('Eyob', 'Yetayeh', 30, 'Finland', 'Helsinki')
s2 = Student('Lidiya', 'Teklemariam', 28, 'Finland', 'Espoo')
print(s1.person_info())
s1.add_skill('JavaScript')
s1.add_skill('React')
s1.add_skill('Python')
print(s1.skills)

print(s2.person_info())
s2.add_skill('Organizing')
s2.add_skill('Marketing')
s2.add_skill('Digital Marketing')
print(s2.skills)

output
Eyob Yetayeh is 30 year old. He lives in Helsinki, Finland.
['JavaScript', 'React', 'Python']
Lidiya Teklemariam is 28 year old. He lives in Espoo, Finland.
['Organizing', 'Marketing', 'Digital Marketing']

class Student(Person):
    def __init__ (self, firstname='Asabeneh', lastname='Yetayeh',age=250, country='Finland', city='Helsinki', gender='male'):
        self.gender = gender
        super().__init__(firstname, lastname,age, country, city)
    def person_info(self):
        gender = 'He' if self.gender =='male' else 'She'
        return f'{self.firstname} {self.lastname} is {self.age} year old. {gender} lives in {self.city}, {self.country}.'

s1 = Student('Eyob', 'Yetayeh', 30, 'Finland', 'Helsinki','male')
s2 = Student('Lidiya', 'Teklemariam', 28, 'Finland', 'Espoo', 'female')
print(s1.person_info())
s1.add_skill('JavaScript')
s1.add_skill('React')
s1.add_skill('Python')
print(s1.skills)

print(s2.person_info())
s2.add_skill('Organizing')
s2.add_skill('Marketing')
s2.add_skill('Digital Marketing')
print(s2.skills)

Eyob Yetayeh is 30 year old. He lives in Helsinki, Finland.
['JavaScript', 'React', 'Python']
Lidiya Teklemariam is 28 year old. She lives in Espoo, Finland.
['Organizing', 'Marketing', 'Digital Marketing']

ages = [31, 26, 34, 37, 27, 26, 32, 32, 26, 27, 27, 24, 32, 33, 27, 25, 26, 38, 37, 31, 34, 24, 33, 29, 26]

print('Count:', data.count()) # 25
print('Sum: ', data.sum()) # 744
print('Min: ', data.min()) # 24
print('Max: ', data.max()) # 38
print('Range: ', data.range() # 14
print('Mean: ', data.mean()) # 30
print('Median: ',data.median()) # 29
print('Mode: ', data.mode()) # {'mode': 26, 'count': 5}
print('Variance: ',data.var()) # 17.5
print('Standard Deviation: ', data.std()) # 4.2
print('Variance: ',data.var()) # 17.5
print('Frequency Distribution: ',data.freq_dist()) # [(20.0, 26), (16.0, 27), (12.0, 32), (8.0, 37), (8.0, 34), (8.0, 33), (8.0, 31), (8.0, 24), (4.0, 38), (4.0, 29), (4.0, 25)]

# you output should look like this
print(data.describe())
Count: 25
Sum:  744
Min:  24
Max:  38
Range:  14
Mean:  30
Median:  29
Mode:  (26, 5)
Variance:  17.5
Standard Deviation:  4.2
Frequency Distribution: [(20.0, 26), (16.0, 27), (12.0, 32), (8.0, 37), (8.0, 34), (8.0, 33), (8.0, 31), (8.0, 24), (4.0, 38), (4.0, 29), (4.0, 25)]

import re

# syntac
re.match(substring, string, re.I)
# substring is a string or a pattern, string is the text we look for a pattern , re.I is case ignore

txt = 'I love to teach python or javaScript'
# It return an object with span, and match
match = re.match('I love to teach', txt, re.I)
print(match)  # <re.Match object; span=(0, 15), match='I love to teach'>
# We can get the starting and ending position of the match as tuple using span
span = match.span()
print(span)     # (0, 15)
# Lets find the start and stop position from the span
start, end = span
print(start, end)  # 0, 15
substring = txt[start:end]
print(substring)       # I love to teach

# syntax
re.match(substring, string, re.I)
# substring is a pattern, string is the text we look for a pattern , re.I is case ignore flag

txt = '''Python is the most beautiful language that a human begin has ever created.
I recommend python for a first programming language'''

# It return an object with span, and match
match = re.search('first', txt, re.I)
print(match)  # <re.Match object; span=(100, 105), match='first'>
# We can get the starting and ending position of the match as tuple using span
span = match.span()
print(span)     # (100, 105)
# Lets find the start and stop position from the span
start, end = span
print(start, end)  # 100 105
substring = txt[start:end]
print(substring)       # first

txt = '''Python is the most beautiful language that a human begin has ever created.
I recommend python for a first programming language'''

# It return a list
matches = re.findall('language', txt, re.I)
print(matches)  # ['language', 'language']

txt = '''Python is the most beautiful language that a human begin has ever created.
I recommend python for a first programming language'''

# It returns list
matches = re.findall('python', txt, re.I)
print(matches)  # ['Python', 'python']

txt = '''Python is the most beautiful language that a human begin has ever created.
I recommend python for a first programming language'''

matches = re.findall('Python|python', txt)
print(matches)  # ['Python', 'python']

#
matches = re.findall('[Pp]ython', txt)
print(matches)  # ['Python', 'python']

txt = '''Python is the most beautiful language that a human begin has ever created.
I recommend python for a first programming language'''

match_replaced = re.sub('Python|python', 'JavaScript', txt, re.I)
print(match_replaced)  # JavaScript is the most beautiful language that a human begin has ever created.
# OR
match_replaced = re.sub('[Pp]ython', 'JavaScript', txt, re.I)
print(match_replaced)  # JavaScript is the most beautiful language that a human begin has ever created.

txt = '''%I a%m te%%a%%che%r% a%n%d %% I l%o%ve te%ach%ing.
T%he%re i%s n%o%th%ing as m%ore r%ewarding a%s e%duc%at%i%ng a%n%d e%m%p%ow%er%ing p%e%o%ple.
I fo%und te%a%ching m%ore i%n%t%er%%es%ting t%h%an any other %jobs.
D%o%es thi%s m%ot%iv%a%te %y%o%u to b%e a t%e%a%cher.'''

matches = re.sub('%', '', txt)
print(matches)  # ['Python', 'python']

I am teacher and  I love teaching.
There is nothing as more rewarding as educating and empowering people.
I found teaching more interesting than any other jobs.
Does this motivate you to be a teacher.

txt = '''I am teacher and  I love teaching.
There is nothing as more rewarding as educating and empowering people.
I found teaching more interesting than any other jobs.
Does this motivate you to be a teacher.'''
print(re.split('\n', txt))

['I am teacher and  I love teaching.', 'There is nothing as more rewarding as educating and empowering people.', 'I found teaching more interesting than any other jobs.', 'Does this motivate you to be a teacher.']

regex_pattern = r'apple'
txt = 'Apple and banana are fruits. An old cliche says an apple a day a doctor way has been replaced by a banana a day keeps the doctor far far away. '
matches = re.findall(regex_pattern, txt)
print(matches)  # ['apple']

# To make case insensitive adding flag '
matches = re.findall(regex_pattern, txt, re.I)
print(matches)  # ['Apple', 'apple']
# or we can use set of characters method
regex_pattern = r'[Aa]pple'  # this mean the first letter could be Apple or apple
matches = re.findall(regex_pattern, txt)
print(matches)  # ['Apple', 'apple']

regex_pattern = r'[Aa]pple' # this square bracket mean either A or a
txt = 'Apple and banana are fruits. An old cliche says an apple a day a doctor way has been replaced by a banana a day keeps the doctor far far away. '
matches = re.findall(regex_pattern, txt)
print(matches)  # ['Apple', 'apple']

regex_pattern = r'[Aa]pple|[Bb]anana' # this square bracket mean either A or a
txt = 'Apple and banana are fruits. An old cliche says an apple a day a doctor way has been replaced by a banana a day keeps the doctor far far away. '
matches = re.findall(regex_pattern, txt)
print(matches)  # ['Apple', 'banana', 'apple', 'banana']

regex_pattern = r'\d'  # d is a special character which means digits
txt = 'This regular expression example was made in December 6,  2019.'
matches = re.findall(regex_pattern, txt)
print(matches)  # ['6', '2', '0', '1', '9'], this is not what we want

regex_pattern = r'\d+'  # d is a special character which means digits, + mean one or more
txt = 'This regular expression example was made in December 6,  2019.'
matches = re.findall(regex_pattern, txt)
print(matches)  # ['6', '2019']

regex_pattern = r'\d+'  # d is a special character which means digits, + mean one or more times
txt = 'This regular expression example was made in December 6,  2019.'
matches = re.findall(regex_pattern, txt)
print(matches)  # ['6', '2019']

regex_pattern = r'[a].'  # this square bracket means a and . means any character except new line
txt = '''Apple and banana are fruits'''
matches = re.findall(regex_pattern, txt)
print(matches)  # ['an', 'an', 'an', 'a ', 'ar']

regex_pattern = r'[a].+'  # . any character, + any character one or more times
matches = re.findall(regex_pattern, txt)
print(matches)  # ['and banana are fruits']

regex_pattern = r'[a].*'  # . any character, + any character one or more times
txt = '''Apple and banana are fruits'''
matches = re.findall(regex_pattern, txt)
print(matches)  # ['and banana are fruits']

txt = '''I am not sure if there is a convention how to write the word e-mail.
Some people write it email others may write it as Email or E-mail.'''
regex_pattern = r'[Ee]-?mail'  # ? means optional
matches = re.findall(regex_pattern, txt)
print(matches)  # ['e-mail', 'email', 'Email', 'E-mail']

txt = 'This regular expression example was made in December 6,  2019.'
regex_pattern = r'\d{4}'  # exactly four times
matches = re.findall(regex_pattern, txt)
print(matches)  # ['2019']

txt = 'This regular expression example was made in December 6,  2019.'
regex_pattern = r'\d{1, 4}'   # 1 to 4
matches = re.findall(regex_pattern, txt)
print(matches)  # ['6', '2019']

txt = 'This regular expression example was made in December 6,  2019.'
regex_pattern = r'^This'  # ^ means starts with
print(matches)  # ['This']

txt = 'This regular expression example was made in December 6,  2019.'
regex_pattern = r'[^A-Za-z ]+'  # ^ in set character means negation, not A to Z, not a to z, no space
matches = re.findall(regex_pattern, txt)
print(matches)  # ['e-mail', 'email', 'Email', 'E-mail']

    paragraph = 'I love teaching. If you do not love teaching what else can you love. I love Python if you do not love something which can give you all the capabilities to develop an application what else can you love.

    [(6, 'love'),
    (5, 'you'),
    (3, 'can'),
    (2, 'what'),
    (2, 'teaching'),
    (2, 'not'),
    (2, 'else'),
    (2, 'do'),
    (2, 'I'),
    (1, 'which'),
    (1, 'to'),
    (1, 'the'),
    (1, 'something'),
    (1, 'if'),
    (1, 'give'),
    (1, 'develop'),
    (1, 'capabilities'),
    (1, 'application'),
    (1, 'an'),
    (1, 'all'),
    (1, 'Python'),
    (1, 'If')]

points = ['-1', '2', '-4', '-3', '-1', '0', '4', '8']
sorted_points =  [-4, -3, -1, -1, 0, 2, 4, 8]
distance = 12

import math
import re
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import urllib3
import lxml

print(math.sqrt(2))
print(math.pow(3,2))
print(math.pow(3,2) == 3 ** 2)
print(math.pi)
print(math.e)
# constantcs
pi = math.pi
e = math.e
t = math.tau # 2pi

print(pi)
print(e)
print(t)


A = np.random.normal(25, 5.0, 10)
print (A)

1.4142135623730951
9.0
True
3.141592653589793
2.718281828459045
3.141592653589793
2.718281828459045
6.283185307179586
[22.76977213 31.19118012 31.39357782 28.82041376 18.95246175 33.6695274
 22.31571545 21.39637955 28.40572587 24.38512071]

asabeneh@Asabeneh:~/Desktop/30DaysOfPython$ pip install numpy

    # How to import numpy
    import numpy as np
    # How to check the version of the numpy package
    print('numpy:', np.__version__)
    # Checking the available methods
    print(dir(np))

    # Creating python List
    python_list = [1,2,3,4,5]

    # Checking data types
    print('Type:', type (python_list)) # <class 'list'>
    # 
    print(python_list) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

    two_dimensional_list = [[0,1,2], [3,4,5], [6,7,8]]

    print(two_dimensional_list)  # [[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8]]

    # Creating Numpy(Numerical Python) array from python list

    numpy_array_from_list = np.array(python_list) 
    print(type (numpy_array_from_list))   # <class 'numpy.ndarray'>
    print(numpy_array_from_list) # array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

    # Python list
    python_list = [1,2,3,4,5]

    numy_array_from_list2 = np.array(python_list, dtype=float)
    print(numy_array_from_list2) # array([1., 2., 3., 4., 5.])

    numpy_bool_array = np.array([0, 1, -1, 0, 0], dtype=bool)
    print(numpy_bool_array) # array([False,  True,  True, False, False])

    two_dimensional_list = [[0,1,2], [3,4,5], [6,7,8]]
    numpy_two_dimensional_list = np.array(two_dimensional_list)
    print(type (numpy_two_dimensional_list))
    print(numpy_two_dimensional_list)

    <class 'numpy.ndarray'>
    [[0 1 2]
     [3 4 5]
     [6 7 8]]

# We can always convert an array back to a python list using tolist().
np_to_list = numpy_array_from_list.tolist()
print(type (np_to_list))
print('one dimensional array:', np_to_list)
print('two dimensional array: ', numpy_two_dimensional_list.tolist())

    <class 'list'>
    one dimensional array: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    two dimensional array:  [[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8]]

# Numpy array from tuple
# Creating tuple in Python
python_tuple = (1,2,3,4,5)
print(type (python_tuple)) # <class 'tuple'>
print('python_tuple: ', python_tuple) # python_tuple:  (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

numpy_array_from_tuple = np.array(python_tuple)
print(type (numpy_array_from_tuple)) # <class 'numpy.ndarray'>
print('numpy_array_from_tuple: ', numpy_array_from_tuple) # numpy_array_from_tuple:  [1 2 3 4 5]

    nums = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
    print(nums)
    print('shape of nums: ', nums.shape)
    print(numpy_two_dimensional_list)
    print('shape of numpy_two_dimensional_list: ', numpy_two_dimensional_list.shape)
    three_by_four_array = np.array([[0, 1, 2, 3],
        [4,5,6,7],
        [8,9,10, 11]])
    print(three_by_four_array.shape)

    [1 2 3 4 5]
    shape of nums:  (5,)
    [[0 1 2]
     [3 4 5]
     [6 7 8]]
    shape of numpy_two_dimensional_list:  (3, 3)
    (3, 4)

int_lists = [-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2,3]
int_array = np.array(int_lists)
float_array = np.array(int_lists, dtype=float)

print(int_array)
print(int_array.dtype)
print(float_array)
print(float_array.dtype)

    [-3 -2 -1  0  1  2  3]
    int64
    [-3. -2. -1.  0.  1.  2.  3.]
    float64

numpy_array_from_list = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
two_dimensional_list = np.array([[0, 1, 2],
                              [3, 4, 5],
                              [6, 7, 8]])

print('The size:', numpy_array_from_list.size) # 5
print('The size:', two_dimensional_list.size)  # 3

    The size: 5
    The size: 9

# Mathematical Operation
# Addition
numpy_array_from_list = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print('original array: ', numpy_array_from_list)
ten_plus_original = numpy_array_from_list  + 10
print(ten_plus_original)

    original array:  [1 2 3 4 5]
    [11 12 13 14 15]

# Subtraction
numpy_array_from_list = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print('original array: ', numpy_array_from_list)
ten_minus_original = numpy_array_from_list  - 10
print(ten_minus_original)

    original array:  [1 2 3 4 5]
    [-9 -8 -7 -6 -5]

# Multiplication
numpy_array_from_list = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print('original array: ', numpy_array_from_list)
ten_times_original = numpy_array_from_list * 10
print(ten_times_original)

    original array:  [1 2 3 4 5]
    [10 20 30 40 50]

# Division
numpy_array_from_list = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print('original array: ', numpy_array_from_list)
ten_times_original = numpy_array_from_list / 10
print(ten_times_original)

    original array:  [1 2 3 4 5]
    [0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5]

# Modulus; Finding the remainder
numpy_array_from_list = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print('original array: ', numpy_array_from_list)
ten_times_original = numpy_array_from_list % 3
print(ten_times_original)

    original array:  [1 2 3 4 5]
    [1 2 0 1 2]

# Floor division: the division result without the remainder
numpy_array_from_list = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print('original array: ', numpy_array_from_list)
ten_times_original = numpy_array_from_list // 10
print(ten_times_original)

# Exponential is finding some number the power of another:
numpy_array_from_list = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print('original array: ', numpy_array_from_list)
ten_times_original = numpy_array_from_list  ** 2
print(ten_times_original)

    original array:  [1 2 3 4 5]
    [ 1  4  9 16 25]

#Int,  Float numbers
numpy_int_arr = np.array([1,2,3,4])
numpy_float_arr = np.array([1.1, 2.0,3.2])
numpy_bool_arr = np.array([-3, -2, 0, 1,2,3], dtype='bool')

print(numpy_int_arr.dtype)
print(numpy_float_arr.dtype)
print(numpy_bool_arr.dtype)

    int64
    float64
    bool

numpy_int_arr = np.array([1,2,3,4], dtype = 'float')
numpy_int_arr

array([1., 2., 3., 4.])

numpy_int_arr = np.array([1., 2., 3., 4.], dtype = 'int')
numpy_int_arr

    array([1, 2, 3, 4])

np.array([-3, -2, 0, 1,2,3], dtype='bool')

    array([ True,  True, False,  True,  True,  True])

numpy_float_list.astype('int').astype('str')

    array(['1', '2', '3'], dtype='<U21')

# 2 Dimension Array
two_dimension_array = np.array([(1,2,3),(4,5,6), (7,8,9)])
print(type (two_dimension_array))
print(two_dimension_array)
print('Shape: ', two_dimension_array.shape)
print('Size:', two_dimension_array.size)
print('Data type:', two_dimension_array.dtype)

    <class 'numpy.ndarray'>
    [[1 2 3]
     [4 5 6]
     [7 8 9]]
    Shape:  (3, 3)
    Size: 9
    Data type: int64

# 2 Dimension Array
two_dimension_array = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6], [7,8,9]])
first_row = two_dimension_array[0]
second_row = two_dimension_array[1]
third_row = two_dimension_array[2]
print('First row:', first_row)
print('Second row:', second_row)
print('Third row: ', third_row)

    First row: [1 2 3]
    Second row: [4 5 6]
    Third row:  [7 8 9]

first_column= two_dimension_array[:,0]
second_column = two_dimension_array[:,1]
third_column = two_dimension_array[:,2]
print('First column:', first_column)
print('Second column:', second_column)
print('Third column: ', third_column)
print(two_dimension_array)

    First column: [1 4 7]
    Second column: [2 5 8]
    Third column:  [3 6 9]
    [[1 2 3]
     [4 5 6]
     [7 8 9]]

two_dimension_array = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6], [7,8,9]])
first_two_rows_and_columns = two_dimension_array[0:2, 0:2]
print(first_two_rows_and_columns)

    [[1 2]
     [4 5]]

two_dimension_array[::]

    array([[1, 2, 3],
           [4, 5, 6],
           [7, 8, 9]])

    two_dimension_array = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6], [7,8,9]])
    two_dimension_array[::-1,::-1]

    array([[9, 8, 7],
           [6, 5, 4],
           [3, 2, 1]])

    print(two_dimension_array)
    two_dimension_array[1,1] = 55
    two_dimension_array[1,2] =44
    print(two_dimension_array)

    [[1 2 3]
     [4 5 6]
     [7 8 9]]
    [[ 1  2  3]
     [ 4 55 44]
     [ 7  8  9]]

    # Numpy Zeroes
    # numpy.zeros(shape, dtype=float, order='C')
    numpy_zeroes = np.zeros((3,3),dtype=int,order='C')
    numpy_zeroes

    array([[0, 0, 0],
           [0, 0, 0],
           [0, 0, 0]])

# Numpy Zeroes
numpy_ones = np.ones((3,3),dtype=int,order='C')
print(numpy_ones)

    [[1 1 1]
     [1 1 1]
     [1 1 1]]

twoes = numpy_ones * 2

# Reshape
# numpy.reshape(), numpy.flatten()
first_shape  = np.array([(1,2,3), (4,5,6)])
print(first_shape)
reshaped = first_shape.reshape(3,2)
print(reshaped)

    [[1 2 3]
     [4 5 6]]
    [[1 2]
     [3 4]
     [5 6]]

flattened = reshaped.flatten()
flattened

    array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])

    ## Horitzontal Stack
    np_list_one = np.array([1,2,3])
    np_list_two = np.array([4,5,6])

    print(np_list_one + np_list_two)

    print('Horizontal Append:', np.hstack((np_list_one, np_list_two)))

    [5 7 9]
    Horizontal Append: [1 2 3 4 5 6]

    ## Vertical Stack
    print('Vertical Append:', np.vstack((np_list_one, np_list_two)))

    Vertical Append: [[1 2 3]
     [4 5 6]]

    # Generate a random float  number
    random_float = np.random.random()
    random_float

    0.018929887384753874

    # Generate a random float  number
    random_floats = np.random.random(5)
    random_floats

    array([0.26392192, 0.35842215, 0.87908478, 0.41902195, 0.78926418])

    # Generating a random integers between 0 and 10

    random_int = np.random.randint(0, 11)
    random_int

    4

    # Generating a random integers between 2 and 11, and creating a one row array
    random_int = np.random.randint(2,10, size=4)
    random_int

    array([8, 8, 8, 2])

    # Generating a random integers between 0 and 10
    random_int = np.random.randint(2,10, size=(3,3))
    random_int

    array([[3, 5, 3],
           [7, 3, 6],
           [2, 3, 3]])

    # np.random.normal(mu, sigma, size)
    normal_array = np.random.normal(79, 15, 80)
    normal_array

    array([ 89.49990595,  82.06056961, 107.21445842,  38.69307086,
            47.85259157,  93.07381061,  76.40724259,  78.55675184,
            72.17358173,  47.9888899 ,  65.10370622,  76.29696568,
            95.58234254,  68.14897213,  38.75862686, 122.5587927 ,
            67.0762565 ,  95.73990864,  81.97454563,  92.54264805,
            59.37035153,  77.76828101,  52.30752166,  64.43109931,
            62.63695351,  90.04616138,  75.70009094,  49.87586877,
            80.22002414,  68.56708848,  76.27791052,  67.24343975,
            81.86363935,  78.22703433, 102.85737041,  65.15700341,
            84.87033426,  76.7569997 ,  64.61321853,  67.37244562,
            74.4068773 ,  58.65119655,  71.66488727,  53.42458179,
            70.26872028,  60.96588544,  83.56129414,  72.14255326,
            81.00787609,  71.81264853,  72.64168853,  86.56608717,
            94.94667321,  82.32676973,  70.5165446 ,  85.43061003,
            72.45526212,  87.34681775,  87.69911217, 103.02831489,
            75.28598596,  67.17806893,  92.41274447, 101.06662611,
            87.70013935,  70.73980645,  46.40368207,  50.17947092,
            61.75618542,  90.26191397,  78.63968639,  70.84550744,
            88.91826581, 103.91474733,  66.3064638 ,  79.49726264,
            70.81087439,  83.90130623,  87.58555972,  59.95462521])

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
sns.set()
plt.hist(normal_array, color="grey", bins=50)

    (array([2., 0., 0., 0., 1., 2., 2., 0., 2., 0., 0., 1., 2., 2., 1., 4., 3.,
            4., 2., 7., 2., 2., 5., 4., 2., 4., 3., 2., 1., 5., 3., 0., 3., 2.,
            1., 0., 0., 1., 3., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1.]),
     array([ 38.69307086,  40.37038529,  42.04769973,  43.72501417,
             45.4023286 ,  47.07964304,  48.75695748,  50.43427191,
             52.11158635,  53.78890079,  55.46621523,  57.14352966,
             58.8208441 ,  60.49815854,  62.17547297,  63.85278741,
             65.53010185,  67.20741628,  68.88473072,  70.56204516,
             72.23935959,  73.91667403,  75.59398847,  77.27130291,
             78.94861734,  80.62593178,  82.30324622,  83.98056065,
             85.65787509,  87.33518953,  89.01250396,  90.6898184 ,
             92.36713284,  94.04444727,  95.72176171,  97.39907615,
             99.07639058, 100.75370502, 102.43101946, 104.1083339 ,
            105.78564833, 107.46296277, 109.14027721, 110.81759164,
            112.49490608, 114.17222052, 115.84953495, 117.52684939,
            119.20416383, 120.88147826, 122.5587927 ]),
     <a list of 50 Patch objects>)

four_by_four_matrix = np.matrix(np.ones((4,4), dtype=float))

four_by_four_matrix

matrix([[1., 1., 1., 1.],
            [1., 1., 1., 1.],
            [1., 1., 1., 1.],
            [1., 1., 1., 1.]])

np.asarray(four_by_four_matrix)[2] = 2
four_by_four_matrix

matrix([[1., 1., 1., 1.],
            [1., 1., 1., 1.],
            [2., 2., 2., 2.],
            [1., 1., 1., 1.]])

# creating list using range(starting, stop, step)
lst = range(0, 11, 2)
lst

range(0, 11, 2)

for l in lst:
    print(l)

    2
    4
    6
    8
    10

# Similar to range arange numpy.arange(start, stop, step)
whole_numbers = np.arange(0, 20, 1)
whole_numbers

array([ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
           17, 18, 19])

natural_numbers = np.arange(1, 20, 1)
natural_numbers

odd_numbers = np.arange(1, 20, 2)
odd_numbers

    array([ 1,  3,  5,  7,  9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19])

even_numbers = np.arange(2, 20, 2)
even_numbers

    array([ 2,  4,  6,  8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18])

# numpy.linspace()
# numpy.logspace() in Python with Example
# For instance, it can be used to create 10 values from 1 to 5 evenly spaced.
np.linspace(1.0, 5.0, num=10)

    array([1.        , 1.44444444, 1.88888889, 2.33333333, 2.77777778,
           3.22222222, 3.66666667, 4.11111111, 4.55555556, 5.        ])

# not to include the last value in the interval
np.linspace(1.0, 5.0, num=5, endpoint=False)

array([1. , 1.8, 2.6, 3.4, 4.2])

# LogSpace
# LogSpace returns even spaced numbers on a log scale. Logspace has the same parameters as np.linspace.

# Syntax:

# numpy.logspace(start, stop, num, endpoint)

np.logspace(2, 4.0, num=4)

array([  100.        ,   464.15888336,  2154.43469003, 10000.        ])

# to check the size of an array
x = np.array([1,2,3], dtype=np.complex128)

x

    array([1.+0.j, 2.+0.j, 3.+0.j])

x.itemsize

16

# indexing and Slicing NumPy Arrays in Python
np_list = np.array([(1,2,3), (4,5,6)])
np_list

    array([[1, 2, 3],
           [4, 5, 6]])

print('First row: ', np_list[0])
print('Second row: ', np_list[1])

    First row:  [1 2 3]
    Second row:  [4 5 6]

print('First column: ', np_list[:,0])
print('Second column: ', np_list[:,1])
print('Third column: ', np_list[:,2])

    First column:  [1 4]
    Second column:  [2 5]
    Third column:  [3 6]

np_normal_dis = np.random.normal(5, 0.5, 100)
np_normal_dis
## min, max, mean, median, sd
print('min: ', two_dimension_array.min())
print('max: ', two_dimension_array.max())
print('mean: ',two_dimension_array.mean())
# print('median: ', two_dimension_array.median())
print('sd: ', two_dimension_array.std())

min:  1
max:  55
mean:  14.777777777777779
sd:  18.913709183069525

min:  1
max:  55
mean:  14.777777777777779
sd:  18.913709183069525

print(two_dimension_array)
print('Column with minimum: ', np.amin(two_dimension_array,axis=0))
print('Column with maximum: ', np.amax(two_dimension_array,axis=0))
print('=== Row ==')
print('Row with minimum: ', np.amin(two_dimension_array,axis=1))
print('Row with maximum: ', np.amax(two_dimension_array,axis=1))

[[ 1  2  3]
 [ 4 55 44]
 [ 7  8  9]]
Column with minimum:  [1 2 3]
Column with maximum:  [ 7 55 44]
=== Row ==
Row with minimum:  [1 4 7]
Row with maximum:  [ 3 55  9]

a = [1,2,3]

# Repeat whole of 'a' two times
print('Tile:   ', np.tile(a, 2))

# Repeat each element of 'a' two times
print('Repeat: ', np.repeat(a, 2))

Tile:    [1 2 3 1 2 3]
Repeat:  [1 1 2 2 3 3]

# One random number between [0,1)
one_random_num = np.random.random()
one_random_in = np.random
print(one_random_num)

0.6149403282678213

0.4763968133790438

0.4763968133790438

# Random numbers between [0,1) of shape 2,3
r = np.random.random(size=[2,3])
print(r)

[[0.13031737 0.4429537  0.1129527 ]
 [0.76811539 0.88256594 0.6754075 ]]

print(np.random.choice(['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'], size=10))

['u' 'o' 'o' 'i' 'e' 'e' 'u' 'o' 'u' 'a']

['i' 'u' 'e' 'o' 'a' 'i' 'e' 'u' 'o' 'i']

['iueoaieuoi']

## Random numbers between [0, 1] of shape 2, 2
rand = np.random.rand(2,2)
rand

array([[0.97992598, 0.79642484],
       [0.65263629, 0.55763145]])

rand2 = np.random.randn(2,2)
rand2

array([[ 1.65593322, -0.52326621],
       [ 0.39071179, -2.03649407]])

# Random integers between [0, 10) of shape 2,5
rand_int = np.random.randint(0, 10, size=[5,3])
rand_int

array([[0, 7, 5],
       [4, 1, 4],
       [3, 5, 3],
       [4, 3, 8],
       [4, 6, 7]])

from scipy import stats
np_normal_dis = np.random.normal(5, 0.5, 1000) # mean, standard deviation, number of samples
np_normal_dis
## min, max, mean, median, sd
print('min: ', np.min(np_normal_dis))
print('max: ', np.max(np_normal_dis))
print('mean: ', np.mean(np_normal_dis))
print('median: ', np.median(np_normal_dis))
print('mode: ', stats.mode(np_normal_dis))
print('sd: ', np.std(np_normal_dis))

    min:  3.557811005458804
    max:  6.876317743643499
    mean:  5.035832048106663
    median:  5.020161980441937
    mode:  ModeResult(mode=array([3.55781101]), count=array([1]))
    sd:  0.489682424165213

plt.hist(np_normal_dis, color="grey", bins=21)
plt.show()

# numpy.dot(): Dot Product in Python using Numpy
# Dot Product
# Numpy is powerful library for matrices computation. For instance, you can compute the dot product with np.dot

# Syntax

# numpy.dot(x, y, out=None)

## Linear algebra
### Dot product: product of two arrays
f = np.array([1,2,3])
g = np.array([4,5,3])
### 1*4+2*5 + 3*6
np.dot(f, g)  # 23

### Matmul: matruc product of two arrays
h = [[1,2],[3,4]]
i = [[5,6],[7,8]]
### 1*5+2*7 = 19
np.matmul(h, i)

    array([[19, 22],
           [43, 50]])

## Determinant 2*2 matrix
### 5*8-7*6np.linalg.det(i)

np.linalg.det(i)

-1.999999999999999

Z = np.zeros((8,8))
Z[1::2,::2] = 1
Z[::2,1::2] = 1

Z

array([[0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1.],
       [1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0.],
       [0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1.],
       [1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0.],
       [0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1.],
       [1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0.],
       [0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1.],
       [1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0.]])

new_list = [ x + 2 for x in range(0, 11)]

new_list

[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]

[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]

[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]

np_arr = np.array(range(0, 11))
np_arr + 2

temp = np.array([1,2,3,4,5])
pressure = temp * 2 + 5
pressure

plt.plot(temp,pressure)
plt.xlabel('Temperature in oC')
plt.ylabel('Pressure in atm')
plt.title('Temperature vs Pressure')
plt.xticks(np.arange(0, 6, step=0.5))
plt.show()

mu = 28
sigma = 15
samples = 100000

x = np.random.normal(mu, sigma, samples)
ax = sns.distplot(x);
ax.set(xlabel="x", ylabel='y')
plt.show()

pip install conda
conda install pandas

import pandas as pd # importing pandas as pd
import numpy  as np # importing numpy as np

nums = [1, 2, 3, 4,5]
s = pd.Series(nums)
s

0    1
1    2
2    3
3    4
4    5
dtype: int64

nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
s = pd.Series(nums, index=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
s

1    1
2    2
3    3
4    4
5    5
dtype: int64

fruits = ['Orange','Banana','Mangao']
fruits = pd.Series(fruits, index=[1, 2, 3])
fruits

1    Orange
2    Banana
3    Mangao
dtype: object

dct = {'name':'Asabeneh','country':'Finland','city':'Helsinki'}

s = pd.Series(dct)
s

name       Asabeneh
country     Finland
city       Helsinki
dtype: object

s = pd.Series(10, index = [1, 2,3])
s

1    10
2    10
3    10
dtype: int64

s = pd.Series(np.linspace(5, 20, 10)) # linspace(starting, end, items)
s

0     5.000000
1     6.666667
2     8.333333
3    10.000000
4    11.666667
5    13.333333
6    15.000000
7    16.666667
8    18.333333
9    20.000000
dtype: float64

data = [
    ['Asabeneh', 'Finland', 'Helsink'], 
    ['David', 'UK', 'London'],
    ['John', 'Sweden', 'Stockholm']
]
df = pd.DataFrame(data, columns=['Names','Country','City'])
df

data = {'Name': ['Asabeneh', 'David', 'John'], 'Country':[
    'Finland', 'UK', 'Sweden'], 'City': ['Helsiki', 'London', 'Stockholm']}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
df

data = [
    {'Name': 'Asabeneh', 'Country': 'Finland', 'City': 'Helsinki'},
    {'Name': 'David', 'Country': 'UK', 'City': 'London'},
    {'Name': 'John', 'Country': 'Sweden', 'City': 'Stockholm'}]
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
df

import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_csv('./data/weight-height.csv')

df.head() # give five rows we can increase the number of rows by passing argument to the head() method

df.shape # as you can see 10000 rows and three columns

(10000, 3)

df.columns

Index(['Gender', 'Height', 'Weight'], dtype='object')

df.tail() # tails give the last five rows, we can increase the rows by passing argument to tail method

heights = df['Height'] # this is now a a series

heights

0       73.847017
1       68.781904
2       74.110105
3       71.730978
4       69.881796
          ...    
9995    66.172652
9996    67.067155
9997    63.867992
9998    69.034243
9999    61.944246
Name: Height, Length: 10000, dtype: float64

weights = df['Weight'] # this is now a series

weights

0       241.893563
1       162.310473
2       212.740856
3       220.042470
4       206.349801
           ...    
9995    136.777454
9996    170.867906
9997    128.475319
9998    163.852461
9999    113.649103
Name: Weight, Length: 10000, dtype: float64

len(heights) == len(weights)

True

heights.describe() # give statisical information about height data

count    10000.000000
mean        66.367560
std          3.847528
min         54.263133
25%         63.505620
50%         66.318070
75%         69.174262
max         78.998742
Name: Height, dtype: float64

weights.describe()

count    10000.000000
mean       161.440357
std         32.108439
min         64.700127
25%        135.818051
50%        161.212928
75%        187.169525
max        269.989699
Name: Weight, dtype: float64

df.describe()  # describe can also give statistical information from a datafrom

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
data = [
    {"Name": "Asabeneh", "Country":"Finland","City":"Helsinki"},
    {"Name": "David", "Country":"UK","City":"London"},
    {"Name": "John", "Country":"Sweden","City":"Stockholm"}]
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
df

weights = [74, 78, 69]
df['Weight'] = weights
df

heights = [173, 175, 169]
df['Height'] =heights
df

df['Height'] = df['Height'] * 0.01
df

# Using function makes our code clean but you can just calculate the bmi without function
def calculate_bmi ():
    weights = df['Weight']
    heights = df['Height']
    bmi = []
    for w,h in zip(weights, heights):
        b = w/(h*h)
        bmi.append(b)
    return bmi
    
bmi = calculate_bmi()

df['BMI'] = bmi
df

df['BMI'] = round(df['BMI'], 1)
df

birth_year = ['1769', '1985', '1990']
current_year = pd.Series(2019, index=[0, 1,2])
df['Birth Year'] = birth_year
df['Current Year'] = current_year
df

df.Weight.dtype

dtype('int64')

df['Birth Year'].dtype # it give string object , we should change this to number

dtype('O')

df['Birth Year'] = df['Birth Year'].astype('int')
df['Birth Year'].dtype # let's check the data type now

dtype('int64')

df['Current Year'] = df['Current Year'].astype('int')
df['Current Year'].dtype

dtype('int64')

ages = df['Current Year'] - df['Birth Year']
ages

0    250
1     34
2     29
dtype: int64

df['Ages'] = ages
df

mean = (34 + 29)/ 2
mean

31.5

df[df['Ages'] > 120]

df[df['Ages'] < 120]

df['Ages']  = df[df['Ages'] > 120]
        
        

list_nums = range(100);
print(list(list_nums))

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99]

def sum_of_evens_and_sum_of_odds (n):
    numbers = range(n)
    evens_sum = 0;
    odds_sum = 0;
    for n in numbers:
        if n % 2 == 0 :
            evens_sum = evens_sum + n
        else:
            odds_sum = odds_sum + n;
    return [evens_sum, odds_sum]

sum_of_evens_and_sum_of_odds(101)

[2550, 2500]