cmusphinx/pocketsphinx

PocketSphinx 5.1.1

This is PocketSphinx, one of Carnegie Mellon University's open source large vocabulary, speaker-independent continuous speech recognition engines.

Though the algorithms and models implemented by PocketSphinx are now quite old (dating back to the 1970s in some cases!) they are still useful in many applications due to their compactness and efficiency.

The version number is strangely large because there was a "release" that people are using called 5prealpha, and we will use proper semantic versioning from now on.

Please see the LICENSE file for terms of use.

Installation

We now use CMake for building, which should give reasonable results across Linux and Windows. Not certain about Mac OS X because I don't have one of those. In addition, the audio library, which never really built or worked correctly on any platform at all, has simply been removed.

There is no longer any dependency on SphinxBase. There is no SphinxBase anymore. This is not the SphinxBase you're looking for. All your SphinxBase are belong to us.

There are some other dependencies that you may find useful in order to use the example code (though they are not strictly necessary to build and install). On Debian GNU/Linux and its derivatives (such as Raspberry Pi OS, Ubuntu, etc), you can install them with:

sudo apt install \
    ffmpeg \
    libasound2-dev \
    libportaudio2 \
    libportaudiocpp0 \
    libpulse-dev \
    libsox-fmt-all \
    portaudio19-dev \
    sox

To install the Python module in a virtual environment (replace ~/ve_pocketsphinx with the virtual environment you wish to create), from the top level directory:

python3 -m venv ~/ve_pocketsphinx
. ~/ve_pocketsphinx/bin/activate
pip install .

To install the C library and bindings (assuming you have access to /usr/local - if not, use -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX to set a different prefix in the first cmake command below):

cmake -S . -B build
cmake --build build
cmake --build build --target install

Usage

The pocketsphinx command-line program reads single-channel 16-bit PCM audio from standard input or one or more files, and attempts to recognize speech in it using the default acoustic and language model. It accepts a large number of options which you probably don't care about, a command which defaults to live, and one or more inputs (except in align mode), or - to read from standard input.

If you have a single-channel WAV file called "speech.wav" and you want to recognize speech in it, you can try doing this (the results may not be wonderful):

pocketsphinx single speech.wav

If your input is in some other format I suggest converting it with sox as described below.

The commands are as follows:

• help: Print a long list of those options you don't care about.

  You can also get command-specific help by running help <command>, for example pocketsphinx help align will show alignment-specific options.

• config: Dump configuration as JSON to standard output (can be loaded with the -config option).

• live: Detect speech segments in each input, run recognition on them (using those options you don't care about), and write the results to standard output in line-delimited JSON. I realize this isn't the prettiest format, but it sure beats XML. Each line contains a JSON object with these fields, which have short names to make the lines more readable:

  • b: Start time in seconds, from the beginning of the stream
  • d: Duration in seconds
  • p: Estimated probability of the recognition result, i.e. a number between 0 and 1 representing the likelihood of the input according to the model
  • t: Full text of recognition result
  • w: List of segments (usually words), each of which in turn contains the b, d, p, and t fields, for start, end, probability, and the text of the word. If -phone_align yes has been passed, then a w field will be present containing phone segmentations, in the same format.

• single: Recognize each input as a single utterance, and write a JSON object in the same format described above.

• align: Force-align a single audio file to a word sequence, and write a word sequence, and write a JSON object in the same format described above. The first positional argument is the input, and all subsequent ones are concatenated to make the text, to avoid surprises if you forget to quote it. You are responsible for normalizing the text to remove punctuation, uppercase, centipedes, etc. For example:

  pocketsphinx align goforward.wav "go forward ten meters"
  

  By default, only word-level alignment is done. To get phone alignments, pass -phone_align yes in the flags, e.g.:

  pocketsphinx -phone_align yes align audio.wav $text
  

  To get state-level alignments, pass -state_align yes (this automatically enables phone alignment as well):

  pocketsphinx -state_align yes align audio.wav $text
  

  This will make not particularly readable output, but you can use jq to clean it up. For example, you can get just the word names and start times like this:

  pocketsphinx align audio.wav $text | jq '.w[]|[.t,.b]'
  

  Or you could get the phone names and durations like this:

  pocketsphinx -phone_align yes align audio.wav $text | jq '.w[]|.w[]|[.t,.d]'
  

  There are many, many other possibilities, of course.

• soxflags: Return arguments to sox which will create the appropriate input format. Note that because the sox command-line is slightly quirky these must always come after the filename or -d (which tells sox to read from the microphone). You can run live recognition like this:

  sox -d $(pocketsphinx soxflags) | pocketsphinx -
  

  or decode from a file named "audio.mp3" like this:

  sox audio.mp3 $(pocketsphinx soxflags) | pocketsphinx -
  

By default only errors are printed to standard error, but if you want more information you can pass -loglevel INFO. Partial results are not printed, maybe they will be in the future, but don't hold your breath.

Programming

For programming, see the examples directory for a number of examples of using the library from C and Python. You can also read the documentation for the Python API or the C API

Development

There isn't quite enough information here for potential developers, but here's a start. The C API documentation is built with Doxygen, which will be auto-detected when running CMake. If you have it installed, you can build the docs with:

cmake --build build --target docs

There is a suite of regression and unit tests, run with:

cmake --build build --target check

You can run it somewhat faster with:

cd build && ctest -j4  # or however many CPUs you want to use

Somewhat confusingly (because readthedocs needs it, I think?), the Python API documentation is in the docs directory which has nothing to do with the abovementioned CMake target. These use some extra dependencies named in docs/requirements.txt. To build the documentation first set up a virtual environment, then run make in the docs directory, with one of its many targets (html here will make multi-page HTML documentation):

python3 -m venv ~/ve_pocketsphinx
. ~/ve_pocketsphinx/bin/activate
pip install -r docs/requirements.txt
make -C docs html

There are also Python regression tests, of course, which for some reason require memory_profiler:

python3 -m venv ~/ve_pocketsphinx
. ~/ve_pocketsphinx/bin/activate
pip install -e .
pip install memory_profiler
pytest

Most, but not all of the release process is managed with GitHub Actions, namely the "Release" and "Update API Documentation" workflows. The notable exception here is updating the version, which is done with Bump My Version.

Also, the Read The Docs pages must be updated manually, it seems (maybe this will be fixed soon).

AUTHORS

PocketSphinx is ultimately based on Sphinx-II which in turn was based on some older systems at Carnegie Mellon University, which were released as free software under a BSD-like license thanks to the efforts of Kevin Lenzo. Much of the decoder in particular was written by Ravishankar Mosur (look for "rkm" in the comments), but various other people contributed as well, see the AUTHORS file for more details.

David Huggins-Daines (the author of this document) is responsible for creating PocketSphinx which added various speed and memory optimizations, fixed-point computation, JSGF support, portability to various platforms, and a somewhat coherent API. He then disappeared for a while.

Nickolay Shmyrev took over maintenance for quite a long time afterwards, and a lot of code was contributed by Alexander Solovets, Vyacheslav Klimkov, and others.

Currently this is maintained by David Huggins-Daines again.