inconshreveable/muxado

muxado - Stream multiplexing for Go

muxado implements a general purpose stream-multiplexing protocol. muxado allows clients applications to multiplex any io.ReadWriteCloser (like a net.Conn) into multiple, independent full-duplex byte streams.

muxado is a useful protocol for any two communicating processes. It is an excellent base protocol for implementing lightweight RPC. It eliminates the need for custom async/pipeling code from your peers in order to support multiple simultaneous inflight requests between peers. For the same reason, it also eliminates the need to build connection pools for your clients. It enables servers to initiate streams to clients without building any NAT traversal. muxado can also yield performance improvements (especially latency) for protocols that require rapidly opening many concurrent connections.

muxado's API is designed to make it seamless to integrate into existing Go programs. muxado.Session implements the net.Listener interface and muxado.Stream implements net.Conn.

Example

Here's an example client which responds to simple JSON requests from a server.

    conn, _ := net.Dial("tcp", "example.net:1234")
    sess := muxado.Client(conn)
    for {
        stream, _ := sess.Accept()
        go func(str net.Conn) {
            defer str.Close()
            var req Request
            json.NewDecoder(str).Decode(&req)
            response := handleRequest(&req)
            json.NewEncoder(str).Encode(response)
        }(stream)
    }

Maybe the client wants to make a request to the server instead of just responding. This is easy as well:

    stream, _ := sess.Open()
    req := Request{
        Query: "What is the meaning of life, the universe and everything?",
    }
    json.NewEncoder(stream).Encode(&req)
    var resp Response
    json.dec.Decode(&resp)
    if resp.Answer != "42" {
        panic("wrong answer to the ultimate question!")
    }

Terminology

muxado defines the following terms for clarity of the documentation:

A "Transport" is an underlying stream (typically TCP) that is multiplexed by sending frames between muxado peers over this transport.

A "Stream" is any of the full-duplex byte-streams multiplexed over the transport

A "Session" is two peers running the muxado protocol over a single transport

Implementation Design

muxado's design is influenced heavily by the framing layer of HTTP2 and SPDY. However, instead of being specialized for a higher-level protocol, muxado is designed in a protocol agnostic way with simplicity and speed in mind. More advanced features are left to higher-level libraries and protocols.

Extended functionality

muxado ships with two wrappers that add commonly used functionality. The first is a TypedStreamSession which allows a client application to open streams with a type identifier so that the remote peer can identify the protocol that will be communicated on that stream.

The second wrapper is a simple Heartbeat which issues a callback to the application informing it of round-trip latency and heartbeat failure.

Performance

XXX: add perf numbers and comparisons

Any stream-multiplexing library over TCP will suffer from head-of-line blocking if the next packet to service gets dropped. muxado is also a poor choice when sending many large payloads concurrently. It shines best when the application workload needs to quickly open a large number of small-payload streams.

Status

Most of muxado's features are implemented (and tested!), but there are many that are still rough or could be improved. See the TODO file for suggestions on what needs to improve.

License

Apache