jitsi/jiwer

JiWER

JiWER is a simple and fast python package to evaluate an automatic speech recognition system. It supports the following measures:

1. word error rate (WER)
2. match error rate (MER)
3. word information lost (WIL)
4. word information preserved (WIP)
5. character error rate (CER)

These measures are computed with the use of the minimum-edit distance between one or more reference and hypothesis sentences. The minimum-edit distance is calculated using RapidFuzz, which uses C++ under the hood, and is therefore faster than a pure python implementation.

Documentation

For further info, see the documentation at jitsi.github.io/jiwer.

Installation

You should be able to install this package using uv:

$ uv add jiwer

Or, if you prefer old-fashioned pip and you're using Python >= 3.8:

$ pip install jiwer

Usage

The most simple use-case is computing the word error rate between two strings:

from jiwer import wer

reference = "hello world"
hypothesis = "hello duck"

error = wer(reference, hypothesis)

A note on empty references

There is undefined behaviour when you apply an empty reference and hypothesis pair to the WER formula, as you get a division by zero.

As of version 4.0, jiwer defines the behaviour as follows, and thereby also lifts the requirement for reference strings to be non-empty. This allows for testing whether models hallucinate on silent audio. Note that usually, there are multiple reference and hypothesis pairs. It now supported that one or more of these references are empty, but to test well, most references should still be non-empty.

import jiwer

# when ref and hyp are both empty, there is no error as
# an ASR system correctly predicted silence/non-speech.
assert jiwer.wer('', '') == 0 
assert jiwer.mer('', '') == 0
assert jiwer.wip('', '') == 1
assert jiwer.wil('', '') == 0

assert jiwer.cer('', '') == 0

When the hypothesis is non-empty, every word or character counts as an insertion:

import jiwer

assert jiwer.wer('', 'silence') == 1
assert jiwer.wer('', 'peaceful silence') == 2
assert jiwer.process_words('', 'now defined behaviour').insertions == 3

assert jiwer.cer('', 'a') == 1
assert jiwer.cer('', 'abcde') == 5

Licence

The jiwer package is released under the Apache License, Version 2.0 licence by 8x8.

For further information, see LICENCE.

Reference

For a comparison between WER, MER and WIL, see:
Morris, Andrew & Maier, Viktoria & Green, Phil. (2004). From WER and RIL to MER and WIL: improved evaluation measures for connected speech recognition.