jsdom/data-urls

Parse data: URLs

This package helps you parse data: URLs according to the WHATWG Fetch Standard:

const parseDataURL = require("data-urls");

const textExample = parseDataURL("data:,Hello%2C%20World!");
console.log(textExample.mimeType.toString()); // "text/plain;charset=US-ASCII"
console.log(textExample.body);                // Uint8Array(13) [ 72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 44, … ]

const htmlExample = parseDataURL("data:text/html,%3Ch1%3EHello%2C%20World!%3C%2Fh1%3E");
console.log(htmlExample.mimeType.toString()); // "text/html"
console.log(htmlExample.body);                // Uint8Array(22) [ 60, 104, 49, 62, 72, 101, … ]

const pngExample = parseDataURL("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAA" +
                                "ANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4" +
                                "//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU" +
                                "5ErkJggg==");
console.log(pngExample.mimeType.toString()); // "image/png"
console.log(pngExample.body);                // Uint8Array(85) [ 137, 80, 78, 71, 13, 10, … ]

API

This package's main module's default export is a function that accepts a string and returns a { mimeType, body } object, or null if the result cannot be parsed as a data: URL.

• The mimeType property is an instance of whatwg-mimetype's MIMEType class.
• The body property is a Uint8Array instance.

As shown in the examples above, you can easily get a stringified version of the MIME type using its toString() method. Read on for more on getting the stringified version of the body.

Decoding the body

To decode the body bytes of a parsed data URL, you'll need to use the charset parameter of the MIME type, if any. This contains an encoding label; there are various possible labels for a given encoding. You can use the TextDecoder API for this:

const parseDataURL = require("data-urls");

const dataURL = parseDataURL(arbitraryString);

// If there's no charset parameter, e.g. if `arbitraryString` is `"data:text/plain,H%C3%A9llo!"`,
// then let's guess UTF-8.
const encodingLabel = dataURL.mimeType.parameters.get("charset") ?? "utf-8";
const decoder = new TextDecoder(encodingLabel);

const bodyDecoded = decoder.decode(dataURL.body);

(Note that as of the time of this writing in 2026-01, Node.js's built-in TextDecoder has many correctness bugs, so we suggest using the polyfill from the @exodus/bytes package until they are fixed.)

Using the parsed charset is quite important, since the spec requires that if no parseable MIME type is given, the default is "US-ASCII", aka windows-1252—not UTF-8, like you might asume. So for example, given an arbitraryString of "data:,H%E9llo!", the above code snippet will correctly produce a bodyDecoded of "Héllo!" by using the windows-1252 decoder, whereas if you used a UTF-8 decoder you'd get back "H�llo!".

Advanced functionality: parsing from a URL record

If you are using the whatwg-url package, you may already have a "URL record" object on hand, as produced by that package's parseURL export. In that case, you can use this package's fromURLRecord export to save a bit of work:

const { parseURL } = require("whatwg-url");
const dataURLFromURLRecord = require("data-urls").fromURLRecord;

const urlRecord = parseURL("data:,Hello%2C%20World!");
const dataURL = dataURLFromURLRecord(urlRecord);

In practice, we expect this functionality only to be used by consumers like jsdom, which are using these packages at a very low level.