microsoft/STL

Microsoft's C++ Standard Library

This is the official repository for Microsoft's implementation of the C++ Standard Library (also known as the STL), which ships as part of the MSVC toolset and the Visual Studio IDE.

• Our Changelog tracks which updates to this repository appear in each VS release.
• Our Status Chart displays our overall progress over time.
• Join our Discord server.
• (STL-CI build status)
• (STL-ASan-CI build status)

What This Repo Is Useful For

If you're a programmer who just wants to use the STL, you don't need this repo. Simply install the Visual Studio IDE and select the "Desktop development with C++" workload.

If you want to participate in the STL's development, welcome! You can report issues, comment on pull requests, and learn about what we're working on. You can also submit pull requests to fix bugs or add features: see CONTRIBUTING.md for more information.

Finally, you can take our code and use it in other apps and libraries (according to the terms of our license, like everything else).

GitHub Migration Status

We're in the process of moving all of our work on the STL to GitHub. Current status:

• Code: Done. Our source code is available under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exception. (See LICENSE.txt and NOTICE.txt for more information.)

• Build System: In progress. We're working on a CMake build system, which is currently capable of building one flavor of the STL (native desktop). We need to extend this to build all of the flavors required for the MSVC toolset (e.g. /clr, /clr:pure, OneCore, Spectre). Until that's done, we're keeping our legacy build system around in the stl/msbuild subdirectory. (We're keeping those files in this repo, even though they're unusable outside of Microsoft, because they need to be updated whenever source files are added/renamed/deleted. We'll delete the legacy machinery as soon as possible.)

• Tests: In progress. We rely on three test suites: std, tr1, and libcxx. We've partially ported std and tr1, and fully ported libcxx to run under lit using the various configurations/compilers we test internally.

• Continuous Integration: In progress. We've set up Azure Pipelines to validate changes to the repository. Currently, it builds the STL for x64, x86, ARM64, and ARM64EC. Also, it strictly verifies that all of our files have been formatted with clang-format and follow our other whitespace conventions.

• Contribution Guidelines: Coming soon. Working on the STL's code involves following many rules. We have codebase conventions, Standard requirements, Microsoft-specific requirements, binary compatibility (ABI) requirements, and more. We're eager to begin accepting features and fixes from the community, but in addition to setting up a CI system, we need to write down all of the rules that are currently stored in our brains. (The ABI rules may be useful to other C++ libraries.)

• Issues: In progress. We're going to use GitHub issues to track all of the things that we need to work on. This includes C++20 features, LWG issues, conformance bugs, performance improvements, and other todos. There are approximately 200 active bugs in the STL's Microsoft-internal database; we need to manually replicate all of them to GitHub issues. Currently, the cxx20 tag and LWG tag are done; every remaining work item is tracked by a GitHub issue. The bug tag and enhancement tag are being populated.

• Plans: In progress. We're writing up our Roadmap.

Goals

We're implementing the latest C++ Working Draft, currently N5054, which will eventually become the next C++ International Standard. The terms Working Draft (WD) and Working Paper (WP) are interchangeable; we often informally refer to these drafts as "the Standard" while being aware of the difference. (There are other relevant Standards; for example, supporting /std:c++14 and /std:c++17 involves understanding how the C++14 and C++17 Standards differ from the Working Paper, and we often need to refer to the C Standard Library and ECMAScript regular expression specifications.)

Our primary goals are conformance, performance, usability, and compatibility.

• Conformance: The Working Paper is a moving target; as features and LWG issue resolutions are added, we need to implement them. That can involve a lot of work because the STL is required to behave in very specific ways and to handle users doing very unusual things.

• Performance: The STL needs to be extremely fast at runtime; speed is one of C++'s core strengths and most C++ programs use the STL extensively. As a result, we spend more time on optimization than most general-purpose libraries. (However, we're wary of changes that improve some scenarios at the expense of others, or changes that make code significantly more complicated and fragile. That is, there's a "complexity budget" that must be spent carefully.)

• Usability: This includes parts of the programming experience like compiler throughput, diagnostic messages, and debugging checks. For example, we've extensively marked the STL with [[nodiscard]] attributes because this helps programmers avoid bugs.

• Compatibility: This includes binary compatibility and source compatibility. We're keeping VS 2026 binary-compatible with VS 2015-2022, which restricts what we can change in VS 2026 updates. (We've found that significant changes are possible even though other changes are impossible, which we'll be documenting in our Contribution Guidelines soon.) While there are a few exceptions to this rule (e.g. if a feature is added to the Working Paper, we implement it, and then the feature is significantly changed before the International Standard is finalized, we reserve the right to break binary compatibility because /std:c++latest offers an experimental preview of such features), binary compatibility generally overrides all other considerations, even conformance. Source compatibility refers to being able to successfully recompile user code without changes. We consider source compatibility to be important, but not all-important; breaking source compatibility can be an acceptable cost if done for the right reasons in the right way (e.g. in a controlled manner with escape hatches).

Non-Goals

There are things that we aren't interested in doing with this project, for various reasons (most importantly, we need to focus development effort on our goals). Some examples:

• Non-goal: Porting to other platforms.

• Non-goal: Adding non-Standard extensions.

• Non-goal: Implementing Technical Specifications. (We're prioritizing features in the Working Paper. Occasionally, we might implement some or all of a TS, often when we're working on the specification itself.)

If you're proposing a feature to WG21 (the C++ Standardization Committee), you're welcome (and encouraged!) to use our code as a base for a proof-of-concept implementation. These non-goals simply mean that we're unable to consider pull requests for a proposed feature until it has been voted into a Working Paper. After that happens, we'll be delighted to review a production-ready pull request.

Reporting Issues

You can report STL bugs here, where they'll be directly reviewed by maintainers. You can also report STL bugs through Developer Community, or the VS IDE (Help > Send Feedback > Report a Problem...).

Please help us efficiently process bug reports by following these rules:

• Only STL bugs should be reported here. If it's a bug in the compiler, CRT, or IDE, please report it through Developer Community or Report A Problem. If it's a bug in the Windows SDK, please report it through the Feedback Hub app. If you aren't sure, try to reduce your test case and see if you can eliminate the STL's involvement while still reproducing the bug.

• You should be reasonably confident that you're looking at an actual implementation bug, instead of undefined behavior or surprising-yet-Standard behavior. Comparing against other implementations can help (but remember that implementations can differ while conforming to the Standard); try Compiler Explorer. If you still aren't sure, ask the nearest C++ expert.

• You should prepare a self-contained command-line test case, ideally as small as possible. We need a source file, a command line, what happened (e.g. a compiler error, runtime misbehavior), and what you expected to happen. By "self-contained", we mean that your source file has to avoid including code that we don't have. Ideally, only CRT and STL headers should be included. If you have to include other MSVC libraries, or the Windows SDK, to trigger an STL bug, that's okay. But if you need parts of your own source code to trigger the STL bug, you need to extract that for us. (On Developer Community, we'll accept zipped IDE projects if you have no other way to reproduce a bug, but this is very time-consuming for us to reduce.)

• A good title is helpful. We prefer "<header_name>: Short description of your issue". You don't usually need to mention std:: or C++. For example, "<type_traits>: is_cute should be true for enum class FluffyKittens".

It's okay if you report an apparent STL bug that turns out to be a compiler bug or surprising-yet-Standard behavior. Just try to follow these rules, so we can spend more time fixing bugs and implementing features.

Visual Studio Installer Prerequisites

• Install VS 2026 Insiders and keep it up to date.
  • You must install the Insiders IDE and the Preview build tools for STL development. See Note 1 below.
  • Select the "Desktop development with C++" workload.
  • Select the following components at a minimum:
    • "MSVC Build Tools for x64/x86 (Preview)"
    • "C++ CMake tools for Windows"
    • "MSVC AddressSanitizer"
    • "Windows 11 SDK (10.0.28000)" or later
    • "C++ Clang tools for Windows (22.1.3 - x64/x86)"
    • Optional, see Note 2 below: "MSVC Build Tools for ARM64/ARM64EC (Preview)"
• Install Python 3.14.6 or later.
  • Select "Add python.exe to PATH" if you want to follow the instructions below that invoke python. Otherwise, you should be familiar with alternative methods.

Note 1: The STL and the compiler ship together, and we frequently need recently implemented compiler fixes and features, so the Latest build tools (i.e. latest production) are too old. Because the Insiders IDE supports having the Latest and Preview build tools installed simultaneously, you need to ensure that you're using the Preview build tools. If you build with the IDE, we've arranged for this to happen automatically. If you build with the Command Prompt, you need to pass -vcvars_ver=preview as explained below. For more info, read the C++ Team Blog post that announced this release process.

Note 2: The x64/x86 build tools are usually sufficient. You'll need the ARM64/ARM64EC build tools if you're working with architecture-sensitive code. For example, <atomic> has conditionally compiled code for the _M_ARM64 and _M_ARM64EC predefined macros.

How To Build With The Visual Studio IDE

1. Open Visual Studio and select "Clone a repository".
2. Enter https://github.com/microsoft/STL.git as the repository location. Choose a local path. Click "Clone".
3. File > Open > Folder... > Select the folder that you just cloned the repository into.
4. Use the IDE's dropdown menu to choose the architecture you want to build. We recommend x64 for general development.
5. Build > Build All.

How To Build With The Command Prompt

1. Open a command prompt.
2. Change directories to a location where you'd like a clone of this STL repository.
3. git clone https://github.com/microsoft/STL.git --recurse-submodules
4. pushd STL

The following instructions assume that you're starting in the previously cloned STL directory. If you installed VS to a non-default location, change the vcvarsall.bat paths below accordingly.

To build the x64 target (recommended):

1. pushd "%ProgramFiles%\Microsoft Visual Studio\18\Insiders\VC\Auxiliary\Build"
2. vcvarsall.bat x64 -vcvars_ver=preview
3. popd
4. cmake --preset x64
5. cmake --build --preset x64

To build the x86 target:

1. pushd "%ProgramFiles%\Microsoft Visual Studio\18\Insiders\VC\Auxiliary\Build"
2. vcvarsall.bat x86 -vcvars_ver=preview
3. popd
4. cmake --preset x86
5. cmake --build --preset x86

To build the ARM64 target:

1. pushd "%ProgramFiles%\Microsoft Visual Studio\18\Insiders\VC\Auxiliary\Build"
2. vcvarsall.bat x64_arm64 -vcvars_ver=preview
3. popd
4. cmake --preset ARM64
5. cmake --build --preset ARM64

To build the ARM64EC target:

1. pushd "%ProgramFiles%\Microsoft Visual Studio\18\Insiders\VC\Auxiliary\Build"
2. vcvarsall.bat x64_arm64 -vcvars_ver=preview
3. popd
4. cmake --preset ARM64EC
5. cmake --build --preset ARM64EC

Building ARM64 Natively

By default, the x64 and x86 presets are configured to both build and run the tests. The ARM64 and ARM64EC presets assume that you're cross-compiling, so they enable an option TESTS_BUILD_ONLY to build test executables without running them. If you have an ARM64 machine, you'll want to use the native compiler, and you'll want to disable TESTS_BUILD_ONLY:

1. pushd "%ProgramFiles%\Microsoft Visual Studio\18\Insiders\VC\Auxiliary\Build"
2. vcvarsall.bat arm64 -vcvars_ver=preview
3. popd
4. cmake --preset ARM64 -DTESTS_BUILD_ONLY=OFF
5. cmake --build --preset ARM64

How To Consume

Consumption of the built library is largely based on the build system you're using. There are at least 2 directories you need to hook up. Assuming you built the x64 target with the Visual Studio IDE, with the STL repository cloned to C:\Dev\STL, build outputs will end up at C:\Dev\STL\out\x64\out. Ensure that the inc directory is searched for headers, and that lib\{architecture} is searched for link libraries, before any defaults supplied by MSVC. The names of the import and static libraries are the same as those that ship with MSVC. As a result, the compiler /MD, /MDd, /MT, or /MTd switches will work without modification of your build scripts or command-line muscle memory.

Should you choose to use the DLL flavors, the DLLs to deploy are built to bin\{architecture}. Note that the DLLs generated by the CMake build system here have a suffix, defaulting to _oss, which distinguishes them from the binaries that ship with MSVC. That avoids any conflict with the DLLs installed by the redistributables into System32 and ensures that other components wanting to be a "guest in your process", like print drivers and shell extensions, see the export surface of the STL they were built with. Otherwise, the "msvcp140.dll" you deployed in the same directory as your .exe would "win" over the versions in System32.

The compiler looks for include directories according to the INCLUDE environment variable, and the linker looks for import library directories according to the LIB environment variable, and the Windows loader will (eventually) look for DLL dependencies according to directories in the PATH environment variable. The build generates a batch script named set_environment.bat in the output directory. If you run this script, it will insert the proper directories into the INCLUDE, LIB, and PATH environment variables to ensure that the built headers and libraries are used.

Complete Example Using x64 DLL Flavor

C:\Temp>pushd D:\GitHub\STL

D:\GitHub\STL>pushd "%ProgramFiles%\Microsoft Visual Studio\18\Insiders\VC\Auxiliary\Build"

C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\18\Insiders\VC\Auxiliary\Build>vcvarsall.bat x64 -vcvars_ver=preview
**********************************************************************
** Visual Studio 2026 Developer Command Prompt v18.4.0-insiders
** Copyright (c) 2026 Microsoft Corporation
**********************************************************************
[vcvarsall.bat] Environment initialized for: 'x64'

C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\18\Insiders\VC\Auxiliary\Build>popd

D:\GitHub\STL>cmake --preset x64
[...]
-- Build files have been written to: D:/GitHub/STL/out/x64

D:\GitHub\STL>cmake --build --preset x64
[762/762] Linking CXX static library out\lib\amd64\libcpmtd0.lib

D:\GitHub\STL>out\x64\set_environment.bat

D:\GitHub\STL>popd

C:\Temp>type .\example.cpp

#include <print>

int main() {
    std::println("Hello STL OSS world!");
}

C:\Temp>cl /EHsc /nologo /W4 /WX /MDd /std:c++latest .\example.cpp
example.cpp

C:\Temp>.\example.exe
Hello STL OSS world!

C:\Temp>dumpbin /DEPENDENTS .\example.exe | findstr msvcp
    msvcp140d_oss.dll

How To Run The Tests

Our tests are currently split across three test suites that are located at tests\std, tests\tr1, and llvm-project\libcxx\test\std. The test runner ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}\tests\utils\stl-lit\stl-lit.py accepts paths to directories in the test suites and runs all tests located in the subtree rooted at those paths. This can mean executing the entirety of a single test suite, running all tests under a category in libcxx, or running a single test in std and tr1.

Some useful stl-lit.py options:

• -v (verbose) tells stl-lit.py to show us output from failed test cases.
• -Dnotags=ASAN disables the "extra ASan configs" that we typically run only in CI. This is useful to limit runtime for full validation runs, but often omitted when running just a few test cases to enable the extra ASan coverage.

Examples

These examples assume that your current directory is C:\Dev\STL\out\x64.

• This command will run all of the test suites:
  • python tests\utils\stl-lit\stl-lit.py -Dnotags=ASAN ..\..\llvm-project\libcxx\test ..\..\tests\std ..\..\tests\tr1
• This command will run only the std test suite.
  • python tests\utils\stl-lit\stl-lit.py -Dnotags=ASAN ..\..\tests\std
• If you want to run a subset of a test suite, you need to point it to the right place in the sources. The following will run the single test found under VSO_0000000_any_calling_conventions.
  • python tests\utils\stl-lit\stl-lit.py -Dnotags=ASAN ..\..\tests\std\tests\VSO_0000000_any_calling_conventions
• You can invoke stl-lit with any arbitrary subdirectory of a test suite. In libcxx this allows you to have finer control over what category of tests you would like to run. The following will run all the libcxx map tests.
  • python tests\utils\stl-lit\stl-lit.py -Dnotags=ASAN ..\..\llvm-project\libcxx\test\std\containers\associative\map
• You can also use the --filter option to include tests whose names match a regular expression. The following command will run tests with "atomic_wait" in their names in both the std and libcxx test suites.
  • python tests\utils\stl-lit\stl-lit.py ..\..\llvm-project\libcxx\test ..\..\tests\std --filter=atomic_wait
• There's also a --filter-out option to exclude tests matching a regular expression; --filter=iota --filter-out=view would run tests with names matching "iota" but not "view".

Interpreting The Results Of Tests

stl-lit.py prints the result of each test. The format of each result is {Result Code}: {Test Suite Name} :: {Test Name}:{Configuration Number}.

Example:

-- Testing: 28 tests, 12 workers --
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:01 (1 of 28)
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:11 (2 of 28)
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:02 (3 of 28)
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:03 (4 of 28)
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:00 (5 of 28)
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:04 (6 of 28)
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:05 (7 of 28)
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:09 (8 of 28)
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:06 (9 of 28)
UNSUPPORTED: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:20 (10 of 28)
UNSUPPORTED: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:21 (11 of 28)
UNSUPPORTED: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:22 (12 of 28)
UNSUPPORTED: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:23 (13 of 28)
UNSUPPORTED: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:24 (14 of 28)
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:07 (15 of 28)
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:08 (16 of 28)
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:10 (17 of 28)
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:16 (18 of 28)
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:17 (19 of 28)
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:14 (20 of 28)
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:12 (21 of 28)
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:13 (22 of 28)
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:19 (23 of 28)
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:18 (24 of 28)
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:15 (25 of 28)
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:25 (26 of 28)
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:26 (27 of 28)
PASS: tr1 :: tests/cwchar1:27 (28 of 28)

Testing Time: 3.96s
  Expected Passes    : 23
  Unsupported Tests  : 5

In the above example, we see that 23 tests succeeded and 5 were unsupported.

Result Code Values

Our tests use the standard lit result codes, and an undocumented result code: SKIPPED. For our tests, only the PASS, XFAIL, XPASS, FAIL, UNSUPPORTED, and SKIPPED result codes are relevant.

The PASS and FAIL result codes are self-explanatory. We want our tests to PASS and not FAIL.

The XPASS and XFAIL result codes are less obvious. XPASS is actually a failure result and indicates that we expected a test to fail but it passed. XFAIL is a successful result and indicates that we expected the test to fail and it did. Typically an XPASS result means that the expected_results.txt file for the test suite needs to be modified. If the XPASS result is a test legitimately passing, the usual course of action would be to remove a FAIL entry from the expected_results.txt. However, some tests from libcxx mark themselves as XFAIL (meaning they expect to fail) for features they have added tests for but have yet to implement in libcxx. If the STL implements those features first the tests will begin passing unexpectedly for us and return XPASS results. In order to resolve this it is necessary to add a PASS entry to the expected_results.txt of the test suite in question.

The UNSUPPORTED result code means that the requirements for a test are not met and so it will not be run. Currently, all tests which use the /clr or /clr:pure options are unsupported. Also, the /BE option is unsupported for x86.

The SKIPPED result code indicates that a given test was explicitly skipped by adding a SKIPPED entry to the expected_results.txt. A test may be skipped for a number of reasons, which include, but are not limited to:

• being an incorrect test
• taking a very long time to run
• failing or passing for an incorrect reason

Debugging Individual Tests

While stl-lit is super awesome in finding out that something is wrong or not even compiling, it is not really helpful in debugging what is going wrong. However, debugging individual tests is rather simple given some additional steps. Let's assume we want to debug a new feature with tests located in tests\std\tests\GH_XXXX_meow.

As always, build the STL from your branch and run the tests:

C:\Dev\STL\out\x64> ninja
C:\Dev\STL\out\x64> python tests\utils\stl-lit\stl-lit.py -v C:\Dev\STL\tests\std\tests\GH_XXXX_meow

Let's assume one of the tests fails an assert and we want to debug that configuration. stl-lit will conveniently print the build command, which is far too long to provide here in full. The important part is to add the following options to provide debug symbols: /Zi /Fdbark.pdb.

You can replace bark with any descriptive name you like. Add these before the "-link" option in the command line and recompile. Example:

C:\Dev\STL\out\x64>cl "C:\Dev\STL\tests\std\tests\GH_XXXX_meow\test.cpp" [... more arguments ...]
"-FeC:\Dev\STL\out\x64\tests\std\tests\GH_XXXX_meow\Output\02\GH_XXXX_meow.exe" /Zi /Fdbark.pdb "-link"
[... more arguments ...]

You can now start debugging the test via:

devenv "C:\Dev\STL\out\x64\tests\std\tests\GH_XXXX_meow\Output\02\GH_XXXX_meow.exe"
       "C:\Dev\STL\tests\std\tests\GH_XXXX_meow\test.cpp"

However, this might not work right away, as Visual Studio may complain about a missing msvcp140_oss.dll. The reason is that the STL builds those and other DLLs itself and we should under no circumstances overwrite the installed ones. If you are testing one of the configurations with dynamic linkage (/MD or /MDd) the easiest solution is to add the build folder to your path:

set PATH=C:\Dev\STL\out\x64\out\bin\amd64;%PATH%

Running Tests With Address Sanitizer (ASan)

You don't need any extra steps to run with test code and the code in STL headers instrumented with ASan. The test matrices include both ASan and non-ASan configurations if you don't pass -Dtags=ASAN or -Dnotags=ASAN to exclude one or the other.

However, to instrument the separately-compiled code (the DLL, the satellites, the Import Library - everything that's in stl\src), you need to build the STL with ASan. Change the build steps to add -DSTL_ASAN_BUILD=ON:

cmake --preset x64 -DSTL_ASAN_BUILD=ON
cmake --build --preset x64

ASan-instrumented STL binaries require that the executable be instrumented as well, so you'll have to skip the non-ASan configurations by passing -Dtags=ASAN to stl-lit.py:

(This example assumes that your current directory is C:\Dev\STL\out\x64.)

python tests\utils\stl-lit\stl-lit.py ..\..\tests\std\tests\VSO_0000000_vector_algorithms -Dtags=ASAN -v

Benchmarking

For performance-sensitive code (e.g. containers and algorithms) you may wish to write and/or run benchmarks, and the STL team will likely run any benchmarks we do have in our PR process. Additionally, if you are writing a "performance improvement" PR, please add and run benchmarks to show that the PR does, in fact, improve performance.

The benchmarking code is located in benchmarks. Adding a new benchmark is as easy as adding a new file to benchmarks/src, and then adding add_benchmark(<name> <source_file>) to benchmarks/CMakeLists.txt. You may also modify an existing benchmark file. We use Google's Benchmark library, so you may find their documentation helpful, and you can also read the existing code for how we use it.

To run benchmarks, you'll need to first build the STL, then build the benchmarks:

cmake --preset x64
cmake --build --preset x64
cmake -B out\bench -S benchmarks -G Ninja -DSTL_BINARY_DIR=out\x64
cmake --build out\bench

You can then run your benchmark with:

out\bench\benchmark-<benchmark-name> --benchmark_out=<file> --benchmark_out_format=csv

And then you can copy this CSV file into Excel, or another spreadsheet program. For example:

out\bench\benchmark-std_copy --benchmark_out=benchmark-std_copy-results.csv --benchmark_out_format=csv

If you want to see all the other flags you can pass, run:

out\bench\benchmark-<benchmark-name> --help

Other Useful Incantations

To compile the benchmarks with additional compiler options, use the CXXFLAGS environment variable. Set it after configuring and building the STL, but before configuring and building the benchmarks. For example, to examine how the /arch:AVX2 option affects auto-vectorization and bit algorithm intrinsics:

set CXXFLAGS=/arch:AVX2
cmake -B out\bench -S benchmarks -G Ninja -DSTL_BINARY_DIR=out\x64
cmake --build out\bench

To compile the benchmarks with Clang, use -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang-cl:

cmake -B out\bench -S benchmarks -G Ninja -DSTL_BINARY_DIR=out\x64 -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang-cl
cmake --build out\bench

To run a benchmark on specific cores (e.g. P-cores vs. E-cores) and with higher priority (to avoid interference), use the start command:

start /b /wait /high /affinity 0F out\bench\benchmark-std_copy

Editing And Testing The Debugger Visualizer

Modify The Visualizer

To modify how components are visualized in the debugger, edit the file stl\debugger\STL.natvis. For more information on how to modify this file, check the natvis documentation.

Test Your Changes

You can add the natvis file to any Visual Studio C++ project if you right-click your project > Add > Existing Item and select the STL.natvis file. After doing this you should be able to see your changes in a Visual Studio debugging session.

Block Diagram

The STL is built atop other compiler support libraries that ship with Windows and Visual Studio, like the UCRT, VCRuntime, and VCStartup. The following diagram describes the dependencies between those components and their ship vehicles.

flowchart TB
%%{ init: {"flowchart": {"htmlLabels": true}} }%%
    classDef default text-align:left
    subgraph VisualStudioSubgraph[Visual Studio]
        direction TB
        STLNode("<b>STL</b>
        This repo; provides C++ Standard Library headers, separately
        compiled implementations of most of the iostreams functionality,
        and a few runtime support components like std::exception_ptr.")
        subgraph VCRuntimeSubgraph[VCRuntime]
            direction TB
            VCStartupNode("<b>VCStartup</b>
            Provides compiler support mechanisms that
            live in each binary; such as machinery to
            call constructors and destructors for global
            variables, the entry point, and the /GS cookie.<br>
            Merged into static and import libraries of VCRuntime.")
            VCRuntimeNode("<b>VCRuntime</b>
            Provides compiler support mechanisms that can be
            shared between binaries; code that the compiler calls
            on your behalf, such as the C++ exception handling
            runtime, string.h intrinsics, math intrinsics, and
            declarations for CPU-vendor-specific intrinsics.")
        end
    end
    subgraph WindowsSDKSubgraph[Windows SDK]
        UniversalCRTNode("<b>Universal CRT</b>
        Windows component that provides C library support, such as printf,
        C locales, and some POSIX-like shims for the Windows API, like _stat.")
    end
    STLNode ==> VCRuntimeSubgraph & UniversalCRTNode
    VCStartupNode ==> VCRuntimeNode ==> UniversalCRTNode

Contributing

This project welcomes contributions and suggestions. Most contributions require you to agree to a Contributor License Agreement (CLA) declaring that you have the right to, and actually do, grant us the rights to use your contribution. For details, visit https://cla.opensource.microsoft.com.

When you submit a pull request, a CLA bot will automatically determine whether you need to provide a CLA and decorate the PR appropriately (e.g., status check, comment). Simply follow the instructions provided by the bot. You will only need to do this once across all repos using our CLA.

See CONTRIBUTING.md for more information.

Code Of Conduct

This project has adopted the Microsoft Open Source Code of Conduct.

See CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md for more information.

License

Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.

SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception